Vm 846 - Msm Final - Schumacher, Baine, Ramsay, Jones, Greenacre, Coan, Souza

Front 1

What are the major cervid species in TN?

Back 1

Deer and Elk.

Front 2

What are the annual dynamic of antler biopsy?

Back 2

Possess antlers. Regrow and shed annually. Not horns. Don't shed horns. Except for caribou and reindeer, females don't have antlers. Can be harvested.

Front 3

What is the etiology of EHD?

Back 3

The most important infectious disease of WTD in Southeastern US
Caused by at least 6 different viruses
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease virus - serotypes 1&2
Bluetongue virus - serotypes 10, 11, 13, 17
All are related but distinct orbiviruses
BT serotype 2 does not cause EHD

No cross immunity among serotypes

Acute: edema, ulcers, & hemorrhage of epithelial tissue, especially in heart & GI tract

Chronic: evidence of growth interruption of hooves; ulceration & loss of papillae of rumen mucosa

Hemorrhagic DZ = Emaciation, death, cyanosis, dental pad ulceration, loss of ruminal papillae, hoof defect.

EXTREMELY SEASONAL (summer/fall and gone 0.5mo post-killing frost)

Front 4

What is the etiology of CWD?

Back 4

Horizontally transmitted prion DZ

NOT ZOONOTIC!

Front 5

What are the regulatory concerns for TB in hoof stock?

Back 5

Intradermal test has to be read by palpation at 72 hours (±6 hrs)

THIS IS REPORTABLE!

Transmission - oral, aerosol, percutaneous

Infectious to cattle, bison, and deer

Front 6

What are the regulatory concerns for brucellosis in hoof stock?

Back 6

Brucella abortus is mainly a concern for Yellowstone area.

Front 7

Diseases of concern in raccoons in TN

Back 7

Canine Distemper
Canine Parvo
Rabies

Baylisascaris procyonis - usually no CS - cause Ocular and visceral larval migrans in people

Front 8

CS of CWD

Back 8

Neurological, behavioral changes
Emaciation

Front 9

DX of CWD

Back 9

IHC of obey of brainstem or tonsils

Front 10

Meningeal worm of deer

Back 10

Parelaphostrongylus tenuis - may cause neuro signs.

Front 11

Name 3 Prosimians

Back 11

Bushbabies
Loris
Lemurs

Front 12

Which group of primates has prehensile tails?

Back 12

Cebidae of the New World Primates.

Also:
No opposable thumbs
Flat noses

Front 13

Name 5 New World Primates

Back 13

Cebidae
Squirrel Monkeys
Capuchins
Spider Monkeys
Callitrichidae (marmosets/tamarins)

Front 14

Name Old world Primates

Back 14

Guenons/Mangabeys (vervet monkey)
Baboons
Colobus Monkey
Macaques (rhesus monkey)

Front 15

Important things about Cercopithidae

Back 15

NO prehensile Tail

Old world primates
Most have opposable thumbs
Have ishial callosities (butt pads)

Front 16

What kind of monkey is a leaf-eater exclusively?

Back 16

Langurs

Front 17

What type of NHP is primarily used in biomedical research?

Back 17

Macaques

Front 18

Name the Apes

Back 18

Asia: Gibbons and Orangutans

Africa: Chimpanzees and Gorillas

Front 19

Places to inject NHPs? Draw blood? Place catheters?

Back 19

Dorsal midline (or scapula)
intramuscular in thighs
intravenous in femoral or saphenous veins

Femoral aa.

Saphenous vv.

Front 20

What kind of chemical restraint would you use for an NHP?

Back 20

Ketamine alone or with an adjunctive drug, such as dexmedetomidine and/or midazolam

Front 21

Common causes of diarrhea in NHPs

Back 21

Bacteria>parasites>viruses

Front 22

Bacterial causes of diarrhea in NHPs

Back 22

Shigella is #1. Yersinia, Campylobacter.

Have to request culture mediums. Careful about treating, as it may cause carrier states.

Front 23

Parasitic causes of diarrhea in NHPs

Back 23

Balantidium coli - #1 cause in apes.

Amoeba enterocolitica
Giardia

Front 24

Herpes B virus details

Back 24

Only around 50 cases ever identified. Almost all fatal.

Macaques are the ONLY reservoir! Assume all are infected. All others are dead end hosts.

Analogous to Herpes simplex 1infection (causes oral mucousal lesions). Most are asymptomatic, but can cause the same problems.

Transmitted by infected body fluids (usually saliva).

Front 25

CS of Herpes B virus infection in people.

Back 25

Tingling
Vesicles at site of inoculation
encephalomyelitis>paralysis

CS in 0.5mo

Front 26

DX of Herpes B virus

Back 26

Macaque with gross lesions.

No vaccine and no treatment.

Front 27

Details on SIV-1/2/SRV

Back 27

Retrovirus

No CS in African NHPs, but HIV/AIDs symptoms in Asian NHPs (mostly macaques)

Parent virus to HIV

No human CS.

Front 28

STLV-1 details

Back 28

Not pathogenic for humans OR NHPs

Front 29

TB details

Back 29

Anthroponosis - people to monkeys

Aerosol transmission

Apes/Old world most susceptible.

Progressive Wasting disease.

Front 30

How to test for TB

Back 30

Intradermal TB skin test

Dose is 0.1mL. Read at 72 hrs ± 6 hrs. PPD for people, OT for monkeys.

If suspicious, retest.

Front 31

Things that can cause false positives in TB test

Back 31

trauma
cross reaction with other mycobacterium
contaminated equipment
fax with BCG
Sensitization to Freund's Adjuvant

Front 32

Things that can cause false negatives in TB Test

Back 32

SQ injection
Steroid therapy
Measles vax
anergy
isoniazid therapy

Front 33

How many chambers in the heart of crocodylia?

Back 33

4

Front 34

What are the CS of metabolic bone disease in reptiles?

Back 34

Bilat swollen mandibles/limbs

Front 35

What is the TX of Metabolic bone disease in reptiles?

Back 35

Diet correction
UV light
Ca Supplements

Front 36

All reptiles probably carry?

Back 36

salmonella

Front 37

What is the most important viral disease in zoo collections of snakes? Host? How DX?

Back 37

Ophidian Paramyxovirus. Vipers. Hemagglutination inhibition test.

Front 38

What specie is the host of IBD? What are the two types?

Back 38

Boid snakes.

Chronic - Boas - regurge; slowly progressive

Acute - Pythons - CNS signs - NO REGURG! Usually dx post mortem with eosinophilic inclusions

Front 39

Entameoba invadens is hosted by what family? How TX?

Back 39

Turtles. Metronidazole.

Front 40

What causes a turtle's shell to be too small?

Back 40

Metabolic bone disease. May also cause swollen mandibles/limbs.

Front 41

Where do you get blood from a turtle?

Back 41

Jugular preferred. Use heparin in your tube, as CaEDTA may lyse chelonian RBCs.

Front 42

What causes conjunctivitis in chelonians? How TX?

Back 42

Hypovitaminosis A.

Give Vitamin A, *******. Treat symptomatically, otherwise.

Front 43

What is the major respiratory disease that causes severe URT disease among chelonians?

Back 43

Mycoplamosis.

Front 44

What causes necrotizing oral lesions in chelonians?

Back 44

Herpesvirus in tortoises. Especially desert tortoises.

Front 45

What are your surgical approaches for an ex lap in chelonians?

Back 45

through plastron or inguinal region.

Front 46

What are your major carriers of rabies? What is the only instance when you don't euthanize? What is a major DDX?

Back 46

Raccoon, bat, skunk, fox, coyote.

healthy raccoons <6mos w/o significant human contact.

Distemper - carried by raccoon, fox, skunk

Front 47

When do deer rut? Why then?

Back 47

Fall - Antlers mature.

Front 48

What are the 3 forms of EHD? CS? Vector?

Back 48

Peracute - none
Acute - edema, ulcers, hemorrhage of epithelium
Chronic - growth interruption of hooves, loss of ruminal papillae.

The biting midge - Cullicoides variipenis

Front 49

How do you DX CWD?

Back 49

Tonsil biopsy

Front 50

How do you DX TB?

Back 50

intradermal testing @cervical region read by palpation at 72 hours.

Front 51

Which group of primates has the fewest diseases?

Back 51

Prosimians (primitive monkeys) - less than a dog

Front 52

How can you tell Old world monkeys? Name a few.

Back 52

ischial callosities (butt pad)
No prehensile tails
opposable thumbs

Baboons, Mangabeys, Guenons, Patas

Front 53

Where do you give IV injections in Monkeys?

Back 53

Femoral or saphenous.

Front 54

Where do you draw blood from monkeys?

Back 54

Femoral vv.

Front 55

What is the ONLY reservoir for herpes B?

Back 55

Macaques.

Front 56

How DX TB in primates? Where do they get it from?

Back 56

Intradermal TB test - read at 72 hours (+/- 6)

Aerosol spread from people.

Front 57

What is a major cause of false negatives for TB tests?

Back 57

SQ injection
Steroids
Measles vax

Front 58

What family are the mongoose in?

Back 58

viveridae

Front 59

What are the standard vaccine protocols for canids and raccoons?

Back 59

Distemper, adenovirus, parvo.

Front 60

What is the most common important infection in ferrets and raccoons and what are the CS?

Back 60

Distemper - CNS, respiratory, GI, hard foot pad.

Front 61

What kind of CS does feline calicivirus cause?

Back 61

URT signs and oral ulcers.

Front 62

What is a common cause of metabolic bone disease in young cats?

Back 62

nutritional 2ndary hyperparathyroidism - due to all meat diets with high PO4 and low Ca

Front 63

What is the most potent darting agent?

Back 63

Carfentanil citrate (10,000x more potent than morphine)

Front 64

What is capture myopathy? CS? TX?

Back 64

excessive exertion during/after physical/chemical restraint.

Acute

Shock, Hyperthermia, failure to rise

reverse immobilization, fluids and bicarb. Probably die anyway.

Chronic

days after darting. Red wine colored urine - myoglobinuria

Fluids, NSAIDs.

Front 65

Name the ultra potent opioids

Back 65

Carfentanil
Etorphine
Thaiafentanil

Front 66

Name the opioid antagonists.

Back 66

Naltrexone - preferred
Naloxone - short acting