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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is site selection an important factor to wine making? |
It is especially important as it influences the type of wine produced Characteristics such as slope, aspect and climate influence the types of wine produced and its characteristics. Dr Robert pool a grape specialist at Cornell University claimed :the most fundamental and irreversible decision in the life of a vineyard is the choice of site" |
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How is climate a factor affecting winemaking? |
The climate determines the length of grape growing season, the rate of plant growth and the quantity and quality of the fruit. Within the range of suitable climates, particular species are best to tolerate more specific slim ate types. Ideal temperature for white grapes is 19 degrees and for red grapes it is 21 degrees. The aspect of the slope is crucial on which grapes are grown. in the southern hemisphere north facing and west facing slopes receive more direct sunlight than slopes facing east and south (this is opposite in the northern hemisphere) |
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How is climate a factor affecting winemaking? |
Wind causes erosion which removes topsoil, exposing the root systems. The exposure inhibits the vines ability to obtain moisture form the soil, stunting the vine grown. Frost from climate damages the vines when temperature drops below -. This often occurs occurs in late autumn and early spring or bud burst period. Soil managemnt, irrigation and vine training patterns can be used to eliminate frost damage. Vines generally need an average rainfall of 700 mm's a year |
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How is climate affecting winemaking? |
Heavy rainfall especially in summer can cause major problems such as eroding soils, damage and even strip the ripening fruit from the vines and promote disease. The water budget of any wine growing region depends on the rate of evaporation, hours of sunlight, aspect and topography Irrigation water can come form rivers, streams, bores, wells and springs. |
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How does topography affect winemaking? |
In relation to topography, climate plays a crucial role in determining the minor character of the grapes and thus the wine Elevation, aspect and inclination of the vineyard plays a crucial role |
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How does soil affect the winemaking? |
The composition of the parent material will influence the properties of soil and thus the character of the wine. The depth of the soil assists with the development of the wine's root system. Shallower and dryer soil is better for pro ducting quality wines. Soil determines the character and quality of the wine by influencing the water supply and temperature in and above the soil |
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How does soil affect the winemaking? |
Grapes requires adequate nutrients, from the soil to be able to grow a health cine that can mature the crop. Howver excessive nutrients can lead too very large canopies that will cause excessive shading which is desirable for high quality wine.
2-4% organic matter is desirable (any less or more is detrimental to the wine) |
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What are the factors explain the nature, spatial patterns and future directions of the viticulture and winemaking? |
B iophysical Ecological Economic Sociocultural Technological Organisation Political |
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What are the factors under biophysical |
Climate Soil Site Topography |
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What are the facts under ecological? |
sustainability and resource use |
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What comes under economic? |
competitive advantage Consumer demand Mobilitity of labour Capital |
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what comes under technological ? |
transportation information transmission and flows biotechnology |
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What comes under political ? |
quotas tariffs compacts agreements |
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How do we answer ecological sustainability and resource use? |
Answer the question via how we are impact on the resource (water, soil and pesticides) and how are we managing it. |
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How do we improve viticulture resource use for economic and sustainability? |
To improve viticulture resource use for economic and sustainability requires knowledge of the factors of impacting resource |
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What are factors impacting resource use? |
Increasing pesticide resistance |
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How do we increase pesticide resistance for resource use? |
Adequate pest control with minimum pesticide use is ever grape grower's goal. Broad spectrum fungicide such as copper, captan and sulphur act b interfering with several funguses vital life functions. This allows little chance for development of resistance since the fungus might undergo multiple changes to counter act the fungicide. Fungicides that interfere with one vital life function need only a single genetic change for the fungus to become resistant to this type of chemical, Pesticides can become ineffective when a resistant population is encountered. |
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What are management tools for resource use? |
minimise use of pesticides Spraying strategically (targeting and timing) Altering or combined use of pesticides Using the recommended label amount |
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What are examples of Fungal Diseases? |
A fungal disease, downy mildew is common in the hunter valley , This pest occurs in areas with high rainfall during the growing season.
Botrytis Bunch Rot is another fungal disease that attacks grapes. It grows on the grape skin and allows moisture to escape. Therefore the sugar concentration changes rapidly however the french have used this to produce Table wines.
Phylloxera is also a tiny insect that causes a disruption of the cones nutrient supply eventually killing it. |
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What are the factors impacting viticulture? |
Increasing pest resistance Soil erosion and compaction Poor water infiltration Low humus in soils Excessive water use |
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What is soil ? |
Soil is a vineyards most valuable natural asset acting as a physical, biological and chemical resource for a huge array for organisms that live within. |
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What are the erosion management techniques? |
Wind breaks Cover rope - grass that grow on top Mulch Contouring planting -planting alone the contour lines Careful management of irrigation, rainfall and drainage water
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How does compaction effect viticulture? |
m |
