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111 Cards in this Set
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The process of stirring up the lees with a stick to increase the flavor extraction. Practiced with some lighter flavored wines such as Muscadet
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Batonnage
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The stooping up of soil around the base of the vine to protect the roots
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Buttage
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Freezing grapes to 20F then pressing them
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Cryoextraction
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Maceration of the grape skins (pomace) in the fermenting juice
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Cuvaison
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Process of letting solids settle out from must prior to racking
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Debourage
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Refers to the small area around a single area of vines or sometimes the air above
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Microclimate
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Refers to the climate or a small area such as a vineyard or hill
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Mesoclimate
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Climate of Wine District or Region
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Macroclimate
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Grapes that have been shriveled due to strong winds or dried ofter picking
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Passerilage
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Puching down the cap (pomace to drown the bacteria, keep skins fresh and assist with Cuvaison
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Pigeage
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The process of pumping the fermenting juice over the cap during cuvaison in red winemaking
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Remontage
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Another name for Racking
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Soutirage
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The transfer of wine from one container to another to separate it from its lees
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Soutirage
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Also known as racking
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Unfermented juice to sweeten wines, found in germany
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Sussreserve
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The stage in the grape cycle where grapes change color from green to red (black) Grape also softens. Beginning of ripening period.
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Veraison
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Another name for heavy wine
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Fortified Wine
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Type of fortified wine. Alcohol is added during early fermentation to kill yeast before sugar is used up.
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VDN Vin Doux Naturel
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Process that adds sugar and therefore creates higher alcohol content
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Chapitalization
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Vin de Liqueurs are also known as:
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Mistelles
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Produced my adding grape spirit to unfermented grape must
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Vin de liqueur
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White wine that does well in Calcareous, chalky or limestone soils
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Chardonnay
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Merlot does best in ____ soil
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Clay
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Cab Sav. does best in ______ soil
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Sandy Gravely Soil
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Vines grow the best between
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30-50 north and 30-50 south latitudes
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To much heat results in
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small grapes with thick skins and high potential alcohol content and low acid
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To little heat results in grapes...
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Grapes high in acid and short in sugar and flavor
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Spraying the vines with water prior to frost
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Aspersion
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Allowing vines to rest at night at cold temperatures ...
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Raises the acid content or the grapes
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Rheingau is in
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Mosel-Saar-Ruwer
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Good terroir balances
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Soil, climate and treatment
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Name three American Rootstocks
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Vitis rupestris, Vitis riparia, vitis berlandieri
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Name the 6 parts of grape pulp and therefore juice
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Water
Sugar Malic acid tartaric acid cream of tartar protien |
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Grape is made up of
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Skin
Pip Stalk Pulp |
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Grape juice produced by the pulp is also known as
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Must
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Botrytis is also known as
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pourriture noble in France
edelfaule in Germany Noble Rot in England |
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Vinification refers to the
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Winemaker
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To increase flavor, White wine grapes are sometimes held in contact with thier skins at cool temps for 6-10 hours. Known as
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Maceration pelliculaire
Pre-fermentation maceration Cold Soak |
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The Free flow wine is known as
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Vin de Goutte
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The skins and other material are pressed and the resulting wine is high in tannin and color
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Vin de presse
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Leftover grape matter
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Marc
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Marc that is stepped in water, fermented again and distilled to produce brandy. An example would be:
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Marc de Bourgogne
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Old world Alc content after Fermentation
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12%
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Name three wines that are produced by Maceration Carbonique
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Gamay
Beaujolais Nouveau Toraine Primeur |
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Characteristics of Maceration Carbonique wine
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Pear-drop, bubble gum and or banana aroma
Fast maturing wine, low tannin |
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What fermentation takes place after alcoholic fermentation
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Malolactic Fermentation
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Malolactic Fermentation...
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reduces overall acidity of wine
Produces diacetyl (buttery character) If M.F. takes place in bottle it will make the wine slightly sparkling More rounded character on the palate Takes place in nearly all reds |
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Other Terms for Sparkling
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Petillant
spritzig |
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Most wines are put through...
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Cold stabilization and filtered
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To be listed under a single Varietal in the EU, a wine must have what percent of that grape
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85%
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To be listed under a single Varietal in the United States and new world countries, a wine must have what percent of that grape
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75%
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Characteristics of New World Style Wines
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Usually Fruit Forward or Fruit Driven Aromas and flavors and higher alc content
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Characteristics of Old World Style wines
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Less fruit driven.
showing more mineral or earthy character, greater subtlety and being more reserved |
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Another name for the white Varietal Albarino
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Alvarinho
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Albarino or Alvarinho is grown extensively in
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Rias Baixas region of north-west spain
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Characteristics of Albarino grape
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light to medium straw-colored
Highly aromatic Dry Ripe peach, apricot and lemon zest characters a mineral component fresh acidity |
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where Albarino is called Alvarinho
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Vinho Verde region of northern Portugal
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what grape is produced is the Vinho Verde region of northern Portugal
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Albarino which is called Alvarinho
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This varietal does particularly well in soils rich in calcium
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Chardonnay
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The classic white grape of Burgundy
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Chardonnay
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The classic white grape of Champaine
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Chardonnay
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Chablis Chardonnay is described as
Hint: what nut |
lemon
green apple hazelnut chalky minerality high acidity |
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Cote de Beaune Chardonnay characteristics
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Lemon
Apple pear melon skin chalky buttery butterscotch acidic characters |
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New world Chardonnay characteristics
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dry to off dry
usually displaying ripe forward-fruit characters of -lemon/lime -apple -pear -Charentais melon -creamy butter and high alcohol |
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New world chardonnay that are matured in oak can have
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wood tannins
toastiness vanilla cinnamon clove coconut combustion of the above |
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Chenin blanc is grown extensively in what regions
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Middle loire regions of Anjou and Touraine
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Name wines that are produced by Chenin Blanc
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Vouvray
Saumur Coteaux-du-Layon Savennieres |
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Characteristics of Savennieres
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Still
Dry to medium Chenin Blanc |
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Characteristics of Vouvray and Saumur
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dry, medium or sweet
Still or Sparkling medium alcohol Chenin Blanc Middle Loire regions of Anjou and Touraine |
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Coteaux-du-layon wines are
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medium-sweet to sweet
Affected by botrytis is good years higher in alcohol |
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the Loire Chenin Blance of Touraine and Anjou characteristics
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Medium high to high acidity
lemon citrus baked apple honey fruit mineral wet wool character |
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South African and U.S. Chenin Blanc is different than Loire in which two ways
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more tropical and ripe fruit
less wet wool character |
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Folle Blanche is used to produce
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Cognac
Armagnac under the name Picpoul Gros Plant in the Muscadet region |
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Folle Blanche characteristics
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Thin, dry, highly acidic
white wine |
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Cognac and Armagnac is produced from this white grape
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Folle Blanche
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Gruner Veltliner is the most widely grown grape in
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Australia
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Gruner Veltliner grapes are
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dry
lemon sometimes exotic fruit green bean white pepper raddish flavor strong mineral flavor |
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dry
lemon sometimes exotic fruit green bean white pepper raddish flavor strong mineral flavor |
Gruner Veltline
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Gewurtzaminer wines are usually
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dry to medium
low to medium acidity spicy floral highly aromatic full or fruit decidedly perfume bouquet |
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Gewurtzaminer is grown in
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Alsace
Australia Chile Germany Italy New Zealand USA |
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dry to medium
low to medium acidity spicy floral highly aromatic full or fruit decidedly perfume bouquet |
Gewurtzaminer
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Grenache Blanc originated in
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Spain
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although originated is spain, this grape is more widely grown in Southern Rhone and South France
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Grenache Blanc
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although originated is spain, Grenache Blanc this grape is more widely grown in
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Southern Rhone and South France
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Grenach Blanc characteristics
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Crisp acidity
excellent for blending in warm to hot wine producing regions |
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Marsanne is grown in
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Major grape in Rhone
also south of france Cali Australia |
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Marsanne Characteristics
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Strong-colored
Low in acid Full-bodied dry white wines often showing a light marzipan character Usually blended with other varietals |
Marsanne produces deeply colored wines that are rich and nutty, with hints of spice and pear. Often Australian Marsanne has aromas of melon, honeysuckle and sometimes glue. The wines can be high in alcohol and can be oak aged to develop more body.[2] As Marsanne ages, the wine takes on an even darker color and the flavors can become more complex and concentrated with an oily, honeyed texture. Aromas of nuts and quince can also develop.[3]
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Strong-colored
Low in acid Full-bodied dry white eines often showing a light marzipan character Usually blended with other varietals |
Marsanne Characteristics
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Muller-Thurgau is grown extensively in
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Germany
Austria England to a lesser degree, New Zealand |
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Reputed to be a cross between two riesling clones:
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Muller-Thurgau
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As compared to Riesling, Muller-Thurgau
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Ripens Earlier (good)
but has much less class |
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Muller-Thurgau characteristics
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medium acidity
floral blossomy bouquet light raisin/muscat flavor |
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medium acidity
floral blossomy boquet light raisin/muscat flavor |
Muller-Thurgau characteristics
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Another name for Muscadet
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Melon de Bourgogne
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Muscadet is produced in what area
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Loire Valley
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Muscadet characteristics
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dry
high-acid light wines lemon, grapefruit and strong mineral characters |
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dry
high-acid light wines lemon, grapefruit and strong mineral characters |
Muscadet characteristics
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name the three main varieties of muscat
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Mascat Blanc a Petits Grains
Muscat d'Alexandrie Muscat Ottonel |
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Muscats of Alsace and Australia are dry off dry or sweet
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Dry
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Muscats of southern france and greece sometimes produce
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Sweet liqueurs and VDN wines
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Pinot Blanc best known as a varietal from what region
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Alsace
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Pinot Blanc best known as a varietal from Alsace but is also grown in
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Austria
Italy (Pino Bianco) Germany (Weissburgunder) Eastern Europe Cali Canada |
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Pinot Blanc is generally...dry off dry sweet
alc conten... Sim to... |
Dry
Good Level of Alcohol Lighter but with similar characteristics to unoaked chardonnay |
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Often confused for Chardonnay
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Pinot Blanc
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Pinot Gris is closely related to
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Pinot Noir
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This white grape varietal has a pinkish, light purple skin
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Pinot Gris
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These two grapes are best known as an Alsace Grape
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Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris (Both classified as a noble varietal) |
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Also known as Rulander and grauerburgunder
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Pinot Gris
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Pinot Gris is also known as...
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Pinot Grigio
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Pinot Gris/Pinot Grigio characteristics
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dry with floral notes
white peach and light apricot flavor strong spicy character (particularly in Alsace) |
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dry with floral notes
white peach and light apricot flavor strong spicy character (particularly in Alsace) |
Pinot Gris/Pinot Grigio characteristics
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Malvasia and Malvoisie are synonyms for _____ producing sweeter wines
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Pinot Gris
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