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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What vit tfers one-C units from SER, GLY, HIS?
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Folic Acid
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What is the active form of folic acid?
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tetrahydrofolate
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What does folic acid aid in the synthesis of?
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amino acids, purines, TMP
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What vit def'y causes megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects?
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folic acid
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A cobalamin (B12) def'y can be masked by a therapeutic inc in what vit?
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folic acid
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What are the active forms of B12 (cobalamin)?
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methylcobalamin, deoxyadenosyl cobalamin
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What vit contains a corrin ring system w/ cobalt in the center?
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B12
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What vit is a cofactor for homocys -> met and Met CoA -> succinyl CoA?
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B12
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What vit def'y causes pernicious anemia, dementia, spinal degeneration?
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B12
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How is pernicious anemia treated?
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IM injection of B12
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What is the active form of B6?
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pyridoxal phosphate
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What vit is coenz for rxns involving amino acids?
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B6
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What is the symptom of pyridoxine toxicity?
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neurologic symptoms
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What is the other name for vit B1?
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thiamine
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What is the active form of B1?
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thiamine pyrophosphate
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What vit serves as the coenz for tketolase and as coenz for ox decarboxylation of alpha-ketoacids?
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B1
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What causes berberi?
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thiamine def'y
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What are the symptoms of beriberi?
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tachycardia, vomiting, convulsions
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What are the active forms of niacin?
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NAD+ and NADP+
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What is the function of niacin?
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coenzs in redox rxns
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What causes pellagra?
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niacin def'y
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What are the 3 symptoms of pellagra?
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dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
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What is the function of biotin?
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coenz for carboxylation rxns, carrier of activated CO2
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What causes biotin def'y?
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raw egg whites tightly bind biotin so it cannot be absorbed
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What is the active form of pantothenic acid?
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CoA
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What is the function of pantothenic acid?
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tfer acyl grps
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What are the 3 active forms of vit A?
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retinol, retinal, retinoic acid
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What vit is a component of the visual pigment rhodopsin
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vit A - retinal
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What are the 4 functions of vit A?
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vision, growth (embryogenesis), support reproduction, maintenance of epi cells
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What food sources provide vit A?
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liver, kindey, butter, egg yolk, dark green veggies
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What are the 4 symptoms of vit A def'y?
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impotence, night blindness, growth retardation, xeropthalmia
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What is a toxic effect of vit A overload?
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congenital malformations
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What is the active form of vit D?
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1,25-Dihydroxy-cholecalciferol
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What is the function of vit D?
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Ca++ uptake
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What are the 2 symptoms of vit D def'y?
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Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults
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What are the symptoms of vit D toxicity?
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loss of appetite, nausea, thirst, stupor, deposition of Ca++ in organs
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What are the 3 active forms of vit K?
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menadione, menaquinone, phylloquinon
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What is the function of vit K?
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carboxylation of glutamate allowing synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors
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What inhibits action of vit K?
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dicumarol, warfarin
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What is the active form of vit E?
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tocopherol
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What is the function of vit E?
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antioxidant
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What are the 4 fat soluble vits?
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A, D, K, E
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What is the active form of vit C?
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ascorbic acid
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What is the function of vit C?
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reducing agent - antioxidant, and coenz in hydroxylation rxns
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What vit def'y results in scurvy?
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vit C
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What causes the symptoms of scurvy due to vit C def'y?
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def'y in hydroxylation of collagen
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What are the 5 symptoms of scurvy?
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spongy gums, loose teeth, fragile vessels, swollen joints, anemia
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What is recommended intake, usual intake, est requirement for adults for Na+?
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rec intake = 2400mg/day; usual = 3000-600; est requirement = 500
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What are 3 symptoms fo K+ def'y?
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heart arrhythmia, m weakness, inc bld pH
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What promotes Ca++ absorption?
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vit D, exercise, phosphorus, gastric acid, lactose, citrate, malate
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Ca++ absorption is inhibited by?
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oxalic acid, phytic acid, dietary firber, phosphate, soaps
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What regulates phosphorus absorption?
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vit D
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What are P functions?
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structure of NA, phospholipids, enzymatic phos, ATP, acid/base balance
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Excess P promotes what?
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Ca++ excretion
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What is function of Mg++?
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bone strength, ATP hydrolysis, enz cofactors, bind NA, m relaxation after contraction
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What are sources of Mg++?
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veggies, nuts, legumes
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What are symptoms of Mg++ def'y?
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alcoholics =DTs; hypertension, vasc dx, preeclampsia, osteoporosis
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What is fucntion of S?
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tfer acyl grps - acetyl CoA
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Uptake of Fe is stimulated by?
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vit C, organic acids, heme
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Uptake of Fe is inhibited by?
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black tea, cocoa, chamomile
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What are symptoms of Fe excess?
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hemochromatosis (hereditary), heart dx, ox stress, dec absorption of thyroxine, ataxia
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What s function of Zn?
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enz catalysis and structure
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What regulates Zn tfer into blood?
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metallothioneins
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What are symptoms of Zn def'y?
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ox stress, immune def'y, skik lesions, dec apetite, IBS
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What are symptoms of Zn excess?
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gastric distress, nausea, emetic effect, dec Cu absorption, Alzheimers dx
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Cu is essential for what enz?
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cytochrome oxidase
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Cu is invovled in what mineral uptake?
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Fe
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What are symptoms of Cu def'y?
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anemia, leukopenia, osteoporosis
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What are symptoms of Cu excess?
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weaknes, tremors, organ damage, nausea
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What causes Wilson's dx and symptoms?
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liver cannot excrete Cu, accumulates in bld -> brain damage, invol movements
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Iodine is essential for what?
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thyroid hormones
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Iodine is bound to what?
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tyrosine
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Iodine def'y symptoms?
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SAB, birth defects, goiter
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Function of selenium?
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antiox, thyroid and insulin function, cell growth, fertility
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Def'y of selenium symptoms?
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heart failure, cx, atherosclerosis, hair loss
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