Vitamins & Minerals

Front 1

When water-soluble vitamins are consumed in excess of body needs, generally the excess is:

Back 1

Excreted in the urine

Front 2

A major function of B vitamins is to serve as:

Back 2

A part of a coenzyme

Front 3

Most animals synthesize their own ascorbic acid from _______.

Back 3

Glucose

Front 4

Vitamin C acts as a cofactor by maintaining iron in a reduced state in:

Back 4

Collagen Synthesis

Front 5

Which water-soluble vitamin contributes to "intracellular cement" in the formation of scar tissue and wound healing?

Back 5

Vitamin C

Front 6

The primary function of vitamin C is to act as an:

Back 6

Antioxidant

Front 7

The RDA for vitamin C for adult men is ____ and the UL is _____.

Back 7

90mg, 2000mg

Front 8

A major role for thiamin is:

Back 8

Energy transformation

Front 9

A consequence of thiamin deficiency is:

Back 9

Beriberi

Front 10

Erythrocyte transketolase activity is an assay to assess the status of:

Back 10

Thiamin

Front 11

Cheilosis is a symptom of a dietary deficiency of which vitamin?

Back 11

Riboflavin

Front 12

Riboflavin coenzymes remain bound to their enzymes during the oxidation-reduction reactions and the complexes are called __________.

Back 12

Flavoproteins

Front 13

When the diet is adequate in protein, the body can synthesize niacin from which amino acid?

Back 13

Tryptophan

Front 14

Which classical vitamin deficiency is known for the four D's: dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea and death?

Back 14

Niacin

Front 15

Which of the water-soluble vitamins is found widely distributed in all plant and animal foods, which make a deficiency unlikely?

Back 15

Pantothenic Acid

Front 16

Synthesis of coenzyme A starts with the phosphorylation of which vitamin?

Back 16

Pantothenic acid

Front 17

Which three vitamins are involved in the synthesis of fatty acids?

Back 17

Niacin, biotin and pantothenic acid

Front 18

A deficiency of which vitamin is associated with these symptoms: hallucinations, lethargy, skin rash, alopecia, and muscle pain?

Back 18

Biotin

Front 19

Which of the following reflects long-term folate status?

Back 19

Red blood cell folate

Front 20

Elevated homocysteine levels can be due to all the following EXCEPT:

Back 20

Low ascorbic acid

Front 21

Which of the following would you find under B12-deficient conditions and the methyl trap hypothesis?

Back 21

Accumulation of 5-methyl THF

Front 22

What amount of supplemental folic acid is recommended daily for women of child bearing age in the united states?

Back 22

400 ug DFE

Front 23

Intrinsic factor is required for the majority of absorption of which vitamin?

Back 23

B12

Front 24

Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the ______.

Back 24

Ileum

Front 25

The normal digestion and absorption of cobalamin requires adequate protein digestion in the stomach; the presence of 2 nonenzymatic proteins: ______; and a receptor located in the _____.

Back 25

R protein and intrinsic factor, ileum

Front 26

Which of the water-soluble vitamins is able to be stored and retained in the body for long periods of time?

Back 26

B12

Front 27

Large amounts of folic acid can mask a vitamin B12 deficiency and prevent _______ from resulting. Overtime these symptoms unique to a vitamin B12 deficiency will occur, and these are related to the ________.

Back 27

Macrocytic anemia; Nervous system

Front 28

Which vitamins is most involved in amino acid metabolism?

Back 28

Vitamin B6

Front 29

Vitamin B6 functions importantly in all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 29

Synthesis of fatty acids

Front 30

Because vitamin B6 is involved in heme synthesis, a deficiency symptom is:

Back 30

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

Front 31

Which of the following vitamins has a Tolerable Upper Intake Level established?

Back 31

Vitamin B6

Front 32

Water-soluble vitamins are not stored, but readily excreted-the one exception is that we can store folate in the liver (T/F)

Back 32

False

Front 33

Pernicious anemia may be due to folate or B12 deficiency. (T/F)

Back 33

False

Front 34

High circulating levels of homocysteine (i.e., hyperhomocysteinemia) have been implicated in a number of pathologies including cardiovascular disease. (T/F)

Back 34

True

Front 35

Circulating concentrations of a vitamin typically reflect diet, whereas intracellular (e.g., RBC's leukocytes) concentrations reflect body pools. (T/F)

Back 35

True

Front 36

An increase in blood pyruvate and lactate levels may be due to a deficiency of riboflavin. (T/F)

Back 36

False

Front 37

Whichvitamin D molecule would you expect to see in fortified foods?

Back 37

cholecalciferol– vitamin D3

Front 38

What% of vitamin D from the diet is absorbed?

Back 38

50%

Front 39

Dietarycholecalciferol must be further hydroxylated in order to be active vitamin D.The first hydroxylation occurs in the _____ to produce _____.

Back 39

liver,25-hydroxycholecalciferol

Front 40

Whichvitamin has as its primary function the maintenance of calcium homeostasis?

Back 40

D

Front 41

Choosethe correct order of the phrases below to explain the response of the body to adecline in serum calcium levels. Choose the BEST answer.

Back 41

1,4, 3, 6.

Increasedrelease of PT, Increased synthesis of 1,25-(OH)2 D, Increasedsynthesis of calbindi, Increasedcalcium absorption

Front 42

Whatvitamin is associated with diminished proliferation and enhanceddifferentiation of cells, which serves as a basis for its use as treatment ofskin diseases such as psoriasis?

Back 42

D

Front 43

TheRDA for vitamin D for people over the age of 70 is _____ the RDA for teenagers.

Back 43

Greater than

Front 44

A deficiency of whichvitamin is commonly associated with rickets?

Back 44

D

Front 45

What is a symptom of avitamin D toxicity?

Back 45

hypercalcemia

Front 46

Sun exposure does not cause hypervitaminosisD because _____.

Back 46

cutaneous production of the vitamin reachesa maximum

Front 47

Inassessing the vitamin D status of an individual, which measure would you use?

Back 47

circulating 25-OH cholecalciferol

Front 48

Whichof the fat-soluble vitamins is consumed in the form of phylloquinone from plantfoods?

Back 48

K

Front 49

Which fat-soluble vitamin appears to operate as a coenzymethat modifies proteins to bind with calcium?

Back 49

K

Front 50

Theaction of vitamin K is the post-translational synthesis of blood clottingfactors occurs:

Back 50

In the liver

Front 51

Anticoagulantdrugs that act by inhibiting vitamin K activity do so by which mechanism?

Back 51

inhibitingthe formation of the active form of vitamin K

Front 52

Mr.S. takes warfarin due to his valve replacement surgery. He is an avid gardenerand enjoys eating the many green leafy vegetables he grows. You caution Mr. S.to tell his physician about this because the amount of warfarin he takes mayneed to be _____

Back 52

Increased

Front 53

Riskof vitamin K deficiency is greatest in:

Back 53

Newborns

Front 54

Vitamin K deficiency inadults is most likely due to:

Back 54

antibiotictherapy.

Front 55

Forwhich vitamin is a severe deficiency associated with an increased tendency forbleeding?

Back 55

K

Front 56

Whichis the best measure of vitamin K status?

Back 56

prothrombintime

Front 57

Gutbacteria can produce some vitamins, but this rarely contributes to ourrequirements because they are not absorbed.(T/F)

Back 57

False

Front 58

Productionof active vitamin D requires skin, sunlight, cholesterol, the liver, and thekidneys.(T/F)

Back 58

True

Front 59

Calciumhomeostasis in the blood depends on intestinal absorption, bone resorption, andkidney reabsorption.(T/F)

Back 59

True

Front 60

Manyanticoagulants inhibit the vitamin K cycle, thereby preventing activation ofclotting proteins.(T/F)

Back 60

True

Front 61

VitaminD increases the abundance of calbindin (Ca++ transporter) inenterocytes by increasing the transcription of the calbindin gene. (T/F)

Back 61

True

Front 62

Toxicityof which vitamin is related to increased deposition of calcium in soft tissues?

Back 62

D

Front 63

Manyanticoagulants work by inhibiting the regeneration of active vitamin K (i.e.,dihydrovitamin KH2) during the vitamin K cycle. (T/F)

Back 63

True

Front 64

Agood source of vitamin D is milk, because it is fortified with 1,25-(OH)2-vitaminD3. (T/F)

Back 64

False

Front 65

7-dehydrocholesterolis the form of vitamin D that is added to fortify milk. (T/F)

Back 65

False