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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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B1
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-Thiamine
-Active: Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP) -Rxn: Decarboxylation -Def. Disease: Beri-beri; wet = cardiovascular; dry = PNS; Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome -Notes: Numbness of legs (Dry); Psychosis w/dementia (wernicke's) |
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B2
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-Riboflavin
-Active: Flavin-Adenine-dinucleotide (FAD) -Rxn: Ox/Red; DH enzyme -Def. Disease: Cheilosis. Angular stomatitis (cracking on sides). "magenta tongue" -Notes: Destroyed by light |
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B3
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-Niacin
-Active: Nicatinamide Adenine dinucleotide (NAD, NADP) -Rxn: Ox/Red; DH enzymes -Def. Disease:Pellagra -> 4 D's: Dementia, Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Death -Notes: Tryptophan -> Niacin -> Nicatinamide; body can make |
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B5
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-Active: Pantothenate
-Rxn: Structural component of CoA -Def. Disease: Burning foot syndrome -Notes: Heat Labile (destroyed by heat) |
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B6
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-Pyridoxine
-Active: Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate -Rxn: Transaminations (Ketoacid -> AA); AA metabolism -Notes: Made by flora |
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B7
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-Biotin
-Active: Biocytin -Rxn: Carboxylation -Def. Disease: Avidin in egg whites depletes biotin -Notes: Intestinal bacteria make |
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B9
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-Folic acid/Folate
-Active: Tetrahydrofolate -Rxn: One carbon transfers (Methyl transfer); DNA & RNA synthesis -Def. Disease: Megaloblastic anemia; Glossitis; Neural tube defects -> spina bifida |
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B12
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-Cobalamin
-Active: Methylcobalamin -Rxn: Homocysteine remethylation -Def. Disease: pernicious anemia; Posterolateral sclerosis; AKA Combined systems disease -Notes: Contains Cobalt; Mainly in animal products; can take up to 6 eyars to manifest deficiency |
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Vit C
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-Ascorbic Acid
-Rxn: Hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen; enhances Iron absorption (Fe3+ -> Fe2+) -Def. Disease: Scurby (bleeding gums) -Notes: destroyed by heat; one of the highest sources = brussel sprouts |
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Vit A
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-Active: Retinol; Retinoic acid (most active form)
-Rxn: Vision; growth -Def. Disease: Night blindness (Nyctolopia); Keratomalacia (degeneration of cornea); Xerophthalmia (dry eyes) -Notes: vitamin for immune system |
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Vit D
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-Active: 1, 25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol
-Rxn: Calcium and phosphate metabolism -Def. Disease: Rickets in young; Osteomalacia in adults -Notes: Body can make |
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Vit E
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-Active: Alpha-tocopherol
-Rxn: Lipid antioxidant -XS = diarrhea -Notes: Best source = wheat germ oil |
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Vit K
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-Hydroquinone; Menadione
-Rxn: Blood clotting; precursor to CoQ -Def. Disease: increase clotting time -Notes: Converts prothrombin to thrombin; Made by flora; best source = green leafy vegetables |
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Chromium (Cr)
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-Fxn: Glucose tolerance factor
-Metabolism: Helps bind insulin to cell -Def. Disease: Impaired glucose tolerance |
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Cobalt (Co)
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-Fxn: constituent of B12
-Def. Disease: pernicious anemia (B12) |
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Magnesium (Mg)
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-Fxn: Binds to ATP; mm contraction/relax; Protein production; many enzymes
-Metabolism: Mg:Ca ratio = 1:2 -Def. Disease: Hyperexcitability; muscle weakness; sleepiness |
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Iodine (I)
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-Fxn: Thryoxine (T4); Triiodothryonine (T3)
-Metabolism: Stored as thyroglobulin -Def. Disease: Children = cretinism; Adults = goiter, myxedema |
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Iron (Fe)
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-Fxn: Heme enzymes; cytochromes
-Metabolism: transported = transferrin; Stored = ferritin -Def. Disease: Hypochromic microcytic anemia |
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Selenium (Se)
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-Fxn: Cofactor = Glutathione peroxidase
-Metabolism: Antioxidant |
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Zinc (Zn)
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-Fxn: Cofactor = Carbonic anhydrase
-Metabolism: Immune system; taste; wound healing; prostate -Def. Disease: impaired wound healing |
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Flouride
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-Fxn: Increase hardness of teeth
-Def. Disease: Dental caries -XS = Hyperflourosis |
