Vitamins - Metabolism And Nutrition

Front 1

Other name for vitamin B12

Back 1

Cobalamin

Front 2

other name for vitamin C

Back 2

ascorbic acid

Front 3

other names for vitamin B6

Back 3

pridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal

Front 4

other name for vitamin B1

Back 4

thiamine

Front 5

other names for niacin

Back 5

nicotinic acid, nicotinamide

Front 6

other name for vitamin B2

Back 6

riboflavin

Front 7

other names for vitamin A

Back 7

retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, beta-carotene

Front 8

other names for vitamin D

Back 8

cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol

Front 9

other names for vitamin K

Back 9

menadione, menaquinone, phylloquinone

Front 10

other name for vitamin E

Back 10

alpha-tocopherol

Front 11

active form of folic acid

Back 11

tetrahydrofolic acid

Front 12

active forms of vitamin B12

Back 12

methylcobalamin, deoxyadenosyl cobalamin

Front 13

active form of vitamin C

Back 13

ascorbic acid

Front 14

active form of vitamin B6

Back 14

pyridoxal phosphate

Front 15

active form of vitamin B1

Back 15

thiamine pyrophosphate

Front 16

active forms of niacin

Back 16

NAD+, NADP+

Front 17

active forms of vitamin B2

Back 17

FMN, FAD

Front 18

active form of biotin

Back 18

enzyme-bound biotin

Front 19

active form of pantothenic acid

Back 19

coenzyme A

Front 20

active forms of vitamin A

Back 20

retinol, retinal, retinoic acid

Front 21

active form of vitamin D

Back 21

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

Front 22

active forms of vitamin K

Back 22

menadione, menquinone, phylloquinon

Front 23

active form of vitamin E

Back 23

any of several tocopherol derivatives

Front 24

function of folic acid

Back 24

transfer one carbon units, synthesis of methionine, purines, and thymine

Front 25

deficiency of folic acid and signs and symptoms

Back 25

deficiency: megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects
signs/symptoms: anemia, birth defects

Front 26

toxicity of folic acid

Back 26

none

Front 27

administration of high levels of folate can mask a ? deficiency

Back 27

b12

Front 28

function of b12

Back 28

cofactor for reactions:
homocysteine -> methionine
methymalonyl CoA -> succinyl CoA

Front 29

deficiency of vitamin B12

Back 29

pernicious anemia, dementia, spinal degeneration

Front 30

signs and symptoms of B12 deficiency

Back 30

megaloblastic anemia, neuropsychiatric symptoms

Front 31

treatment for pernicious anemia

Back 31

treat with IM or high dose oral vitamin B12

Front 32

functions of vitamin C

Back 32

antioxidant, cofactor for hydroxylation reactions.
proline -> hydroxyproline and lysine -> hydroxylysine in collagen synthesis

Front 33

deficiency of vitamin C

Back 33

scurvy

Front 34

signs and symptoms of vitamin C deficiency

Back 34

sore, spongy gums, loose teeth, poor wound healing

Front 35

vitamin B6 functions

Back 35

cofactor for enzymes, particularly in amino acid metabolism

Front 36

signs and symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency

Back 36

rare. glossitis and neuropathy. (sensory neuropathy occurs at high doses of B12)

Front 37

vitamin B6 toxicity?

Back 37

yes

Front 38

vitamin C toxicity?

Back 38

no

Front 39

vitamin B12 toxicity?

Back 39

no

Front 40

vitamin B6 deficiency can be induced by...

Back 40

isoniazid

Front 41

functions of vitamin B1

Back 41

Cofactor of enzymes catalyzing:
*pyruvate->acetyl-CoA
*alpha-ketoglutarate -> succinyl CoA
*ribose-5-P + xylulose5-P -> sedoheptulose 7-P + glyceraldehyde 3-P

Front 42

deficiency of vitamin B1

Back 42

beriberi, wernicke-korsakoff syndrome (most common in alcoholics)

Front 43

signs and symptoms of vitamin B1 deficiency

Back 43

tachycardia, vomiting, convulsions -> beriberi
apathy, loss of memory, eye movements -> wernicke-korsakoff

Front 44

vitamin B1 toxicity?

Back 44

no

Front 45

water-soluble vitamins

Back 45

folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B1, niacin, vitamin B2, biotin, pantothenic acid

Front 46

fat-soluble vitamins

Back 46

vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin K, vitamin E

Front 47

Niacin Function

Back 47

electron transfer

Front 48

niacin deficiency

Back 48

pellagra

Front 49

signs and symptoms of niacin deficiency

Back 49

dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

Front 50

toxicity of niacin?

Back 50

none

Front 51

high doses of ? used to treat hyperlipidemia

Back 51

niacin

Front 52

function of vitamin B2

Back 52

electron transfer

Front 53

deficiency of vitamin B2

Back 53

rare

Front 54

signs and symptoms of vitamin B2 deficiency

Back 54

dermatitis, angular stomatitis

Front 55

vitamin B2 toxicity?

Back 55

none

Front 56

function of biotin

Back 56

carboxylation reactions

Front 57

biotin deficiency?

Back 57

rare

Front 58

toxicity of biotin?

Back 58

none

Front 59

consumption of large amounts of raw egg whites (which contain avidin) can produce a ? deficiency because ?

Back 59

biotin deficiency because avidin binds biotin

Front 60

function of pantothenic acid

Back 60

acyl carrier

Front 61

pantothenic acid deficiency?

Back 61

rare

Front 62

pantothenic acid toxicity?

Back 62

none

Front 63

vitamin A functions

Back 63

maintenance of growth, vision, promotion of growth, differentiation and maintenance of epithelial tissues, gene expression

Front 64

vitamin A deficiency

Back 64

impotence, night blindness, retardation of growth, xerophthalmia

Front 65

signs and symptoms of vitamin A deficiency

Back 65

increased visual threshold

Front 66

vitamin A toxicity?

Back 66

yes

Front 67

supplementation of what vitamin A derivative is not recommended

Back 67

beta-carotene

Front 68

excess vitamin A can cause

Back 68

increased incidence of fractures

Front 69

vitamin D function

Back 69

calcium uptake

Front 70

vitamin D deficiency

Back 70

rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults

Front 71

signs/symptoms of vitamin D deficiency

Back 71

soft, pliable bones

Front 72

vitamin D toxicity?

Back 72

yes

Front 73

which vitamin is not a true vitamin?

Back 73

vitamin D - can be synthesized in the skin

Front 74

vitamin K function

Back 74

gamma-carboxylation of glutamate residue in clotting and other proteins

Front 75

vitamin K deficiency

Back 75

newborns, rare in adults

Front 76

signs and symptoms of vitamin K deficiency

Back 76

bleeding

Front 77

vitamin k toxicity

Back 77

rare

Front 78

vitamin ? is produced by intestinal bacteria.

Back 78

K

Front 79

parenteral treatment with vitamin ? is recommended at birth

Back 79

K

Front 80

function of vitamin E

Back 80

antioxidant

Front 81

vitamin E deficiency

Back 81

rare

Front 82

signs and symptoms of vitamin E deficiency

Back 82

red blood cell fragility leads to hemolytic anemia

Front 83

vitamin E toxicity

Back 83

none