Vitamins Exam

Front 1

Vitamin A names/forma

Back 1

Retinoids(active, animal foods) and carotenoids (inactive, plants)

Front 2

Vitamin A functions

Back 2

Vision/eye health, immune function, epithelial cell, cardiovascular disease prevention, growth, development, reproduction

Front 3

Vitamin A food sources

Back 3

Kale, carrots, liver, sweet potato, mango, eggs

Front 4

Vitamin A RDA

Back 4

900 micrograms for men, 700 micrograms for women

Front 5

Vitamin A deficiency

Back 5

Night blindness, xerophthalmia (hardening of cornea) , diminished immune system

Front 6

Vitamin A toxicity

Back 6

Hypercarotenemia (yellowing of skin), liver toxicity, birth defects

Front 7

Vitamin D forms

Back 7

Ergocalciferol, and cholecalciferol. Sunshine vitamin

Front 8

Vitamin D functions

Back 8

Blood calcium regulation

Front 9

Vitamin D food sources

Back 9

Salmon and fortified foods. Mostly sunlight

Front 10

Vitamin D RDA

Back 10

15 micrograms

Front 11

Vitamin D deficiency

Back 11

Rickets, osteomalacia (fragile bones)

Front 12

Vitamin D toxicity

Back 12

High blood calcium levels

Front 13

Vitamin E forms/names

Back 13

Alpha tocopherols

Front 14

Vitamin E functions

Back 14

Antioxidant- combats oxidation

Front 15

Vitamin E food sourxes

Back 15

Plant oils, nuts, avocados

Front 16

Vitamin E deficiency

Back 16

Hemolysis in infants, smokers

Front 17

Vitamin E toxicity

Back 17

Nausea, GI distress, diarrhea

Front 18

Vitamin K forms

Back 18

Phylloquinone (plant), menaquinone (animal)

Front 19

Vitamin K functions

Back 19

Blood clotting and bone health

Front 20

Vitamin K food sourxes

Back 20

Kale, broccoli, leafy greens, green foods, fruits, some meats, dairy

Front 21

Vitamin K deficiency

Back 21

Newborns get injection after birth, extended use of antibiotics (destroy bacteria that produce K)

Front 22

Vitamin K toxicity

Back 22

Excess excreted, but anti clotting meds may have effects

Front 23

Thiamin (B1) functions

Back 23

Chemical reactions that make DNA, RNA, neurotransmitters

Front 24

Thiamin (B1) food sources

Back 24

Pork, whole grains, fortified breakfast cereals

Front 25

Thiamin B1 deficiency

Back 25

Beri beri- weakness, lack of appetite, mental impairment

Front 26

Riboflavin B2 functions

Back 26

Metabolism of some vitamins and minerals, energy yielding metabolic pathways, fatty acid breakdown

Front 27

Riboflavin B2 food sources

Back 27

Grains, dairy, protein

Front 28

Riboflavin B2 RDA

Back 28

1.3 mg for men, 1.1 mg for women

Front 29

Riboflavin B2 deficiency

Back 29

Inflammation of tongue and mouth, dermatitis, cheilosis, sensitivity to sun

Front 30

Riboflavin B2 toxicity

Back 30

Supplementation can result in bright yellow urine

Front 31

Niacin B3 names/forms

Back 31

Nicotinic acid, nicotinamide

Front 32

Niacin B3 functions

Back 32

Coenzyme in metabolism, LDL cholesterol lowering benefits

Front 33

Niacin B3 food sources

Back 33

Protein, fortified grains

Front 34

Niacin B3 deficiency

Back 34

Pellagra- dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, death

Front 35

Niacin B3 toxicity

Back 35

Niacin flush- headache, itching, increased blood flow to skin. Above 100 mg/day

Front 36

Folate B9 functions

Back 36

New cells, tissues, neural tube development, DNA and RNA synthesis, methyl donor

Front 37

Folate B9 food sources

Back 37

Leafy greens, sweet potatoes, broccoli, fresh fruits and veggies

Front 38

Folate B9 RDA

Back 38

400 micrograms, 600 micrograms for pregnancy

Front 39

Folate B9 deficiency

Back 39

Neural tube defects, nerve function problems, megaloblastic anemia

Front 40

Folate B9 toxicity

Back 40

Upper limit 1000 micrograms. It can mask B12 deficiency

Front 41

Vitamin B12 names/forms

Back 41

Cobalamin or cyanocobalamin

Front 42

Vitamin B12 functions

Back 42

Folate metabolism, maintaining myelin sheath that insulates neurons

Front 43

Vitamin B12 food sources

Back 43

Animal foods

Front 44

Vitamin B12 RDA

Back 44

2.4 micrograms

Front 45

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Back 45

Pernicious anemia- cannot synthesize intrinsic facor. Irregular muscular actions

Front 46

Vitamin C names/forms

Back 46

Ascorbic acid

Front 47

Vitamin C functions

Back 47

Collagen synthesis, immune function, antioxidant, fat metabolism, absorption of iron

Front 48

Vitamin C food sources

Back 48

Citrus fruits, bell peppers, colorful foods

Front 49

Vitamin C RDA

Back 49

90 mg for men, 75mg for women. +35 for smokers

Front 50

Vitamin C deficiency

Back 50

Scurvy

Front 51

Vitamin C toxicity

Back 51

UL 2000, GI distress, kidney stones, aggravation of gout, can interfere with medical tests