Vitamins - Exam 1

Front 1

Macrocytic anemia : deficiency symptom of ?

Back 1

Thiamine: two rxn types - ox decarbox & transketolase. Transketolase is Pentose Phosphate pathway - supplies ribose for DNA synthesis

Front 2

Vitamin that is a cofator in ADP-Ribosylation?

Back 2

Think ADP --> NADP
Occurs when DNA break; involved w/DNA repair

Front 3

Status Test:
Riboflavin?

Back 3

Glutathione reductase w/ and without FAD

Front 4

Signs of a Niacin deficiency?

Back 4

Three D's: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia. 4th = death. Pellegra.

Front 5

Where is most of B6 stored in body?

Back 5

60% in muscles. All B6 rxns fo the shiff base thing EXEPT for this B6 which is part of glucogen neophosphate; when deficienct, no release. When food low, it's released.

Front 6

Pellegra-sine-pellagra?

Back 6

Riboflavin; since it's involved in the kynurenic pathway to synthesize niacin. Low RF results in Niacin def.

Front 7

What form is Niacin in food?

Back 7

Meats: NAD, NADP
Veggies - Niacytin! Bio unavailable unless akali treated or w/ moist heat

Front 8

Two vitamins that can results in anemia.

Back 8

Thiamin (pentose 5-phosphate) AND Pyridoxine because its involved in heme synthesis

Front 9

Pyrodoxine is involved in the synthesis of what?

Back 9

(B6) involved in niacin synthesis AND heme synthesis; also involved in phospholipid metabolism.

Front 10

Acyl transfer vitamin? What are some examples?

Back 10

Pantothenic Acid.
As acytl-coA: acyl xfers
As proprionyl-CoA: involved in FA & protein catabolisn
Also involved in membrane localization of protein. working as FA-CoA.

Front 11

What vitamin is involved in phospholipid metabolism?

Back 11

Pyridoxine

Front 12

What is ACP?

Back 12

Acyl carrier protein: the detachable swing arm involved in FA synthesis. Detached via ACP hyrsolase. Vitamin: panthothenic acid (in phosphoryled pantatheine form)

Front 13

What is the sound bite for Pantothenic acid?

Back 13

It's involved in acyl transfers.

Front 14

What is the sound bite for Niacin?

Back 14

Involved in many dehydrogenase reactions of 2-electron transfers.

Front 15

What is the sound bite for Riboflavin?

Back 15

Participated in oxidation/reduction reactions that involve 1 or 2 e- transfers.

Front 16

What is the sound bite for Pyridoxine?

Back 16

Involved in amino acid metabolism.

Front 17

What is the sound bite for Thiamin?

Back 17

Cleaves C-C bonds on 2-keto groups.

Front 18

What is the sound bite for Biotin?

Back 18

Involved in CO2 fixing reactions.

Front 19

What are the metabolic reactions that thiamin is involved in?

Back 19

- oxidative decarboxylation
- transketolation

Front 20

Give examples of oxidative decarboxylation reactions that involve thiamin

Back 20

puruvate-->acetyl-CoA
-->succinyl-CoA
Branch Chain AA metabolism

Front 21

Give example of reaction of transketolation

Back 21

Pentose 5-Phosphate Pathway
-reducing power to NADH (FA synthesis)
-Supplies Ribose for RNA

Front 22

What is the rxn that actives Biotin?

Back 22

Biotin + ATP -(2 steps)-> AMP + holoenzyme
catalyzed by Biotin holocarboylase synthetase

Front 23

Biochemical functions of pantothenic acid

Back 23

Transfers acyl groups:
As Acetyl-CoA: xfer acetyl groups
As Proprionyl-CoA: involved in FA/protein catabolism
& involved in the membrane localization of proteins
Part of ACP that build FA's

Front 24

Biochemical functions of Biotin

Back 24

CO2 fixing. Four enzymes
-1st committed step in gluconeogensis (pyruvate-->OOA);
-Rate limiting step in FA synthesis (acetyl-CoA-->malonyl CoA)
-Proprionate metabolism (very important in ruminants)
-degradation of leucine

Front 25

How is Biotin absorbed?

Back 25

Biotin is attached to proteins. 1: proteolytic enzymes chop
2: lysine group still attached gets cut off; catalyzed w/biotinidase

Front 26

Of the vitamins we've studied, which one cause ketosis? Why?

Back 26

Biotin; if there is not enough biotin, acetyl-CoA cannot be converted into malonyl-CoA for FA synthesis; it builds up and causes ketosis.

Front 27

Signs of deficiency:
macrocytic anemia, deafness, diahrrea

Back 27

THTR-1 genetic mutation causes Thiamin deficiency;
Anemia--> pentose phosphate pathway cannot proceed

Front 28

Cheilosis, Dermatitis

Back 28

Riboflavin, although pyridoxine can have similiar

Front 29

Vitamin associated with the three D's?

Back 29

Niacin; diahrrea, dementia, dermatitis

Front 30

Two of these vitamins can cause anemia; who and how?

Back 30

Thiamin - Pentose Phosphate pathway/no ribose
Pyridoxine - impaired heme synthesis

Front 31

What are symptons of B6 deficiency?

Back 31

Impaired Niacin production, so not surprising, similar to Niacin: peripheral nueritis, weakness. & anemia (though a different form)
RF-like symptoms too - dermatitis