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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
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• Beriberi: damage to nervous system, heart, and muscle weakness
• **Alcohol impairs absorption and enhances excretion |
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Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
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• Causes inflammation of mouth, eyes, skin and GI tract
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Niacin (Vitamin B3)
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• Pellagra
• Four D’s—diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death |
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Biotin
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• Deficiency unlikely
• High consumption of raw egg whites (2 dozen or more per day) may cause deficiency • Symptoms of deficiency: depression, lethargy, red, scaly rash, hair loss |
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Pantothenic Acid
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• Deficiency is rare
• Symptoms include: • Fatigue • GI distress • Neurological disturbances |
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Vitamin B6
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• Results in diminished synthesis of key neurotransmitters and accumulation of abnormal compounds in the brain
• Symptoms: depression and confusion • Low levels associated with cancers and CVD |
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Folate/ Folic Acid
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• Replacement of RBC and GI tract fails
• Abnormal compounds accumulate in the brain • Fortification as reduced deficiency • Symptoms of deficiency • Anemia and GI tract deterioration • Neural tube defects • Brain and spinal cord develop from the neural tube • Spina bifida |
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Vitamin B12
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• Most likely due to inadequate absorption vs. intake
• Symptoms: Anemia and impairs cognition |
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Choline
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none
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Vitamin C
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• Scurvy
• Symptoms: • Bleeding gums • Pinpoint hemmorhages • Muscles degenerate • Skin rashes • Wounds fail to heal • Teeth fall out due to weakening cartilage |
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Vitamin A
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• Uncommon in the U.S.
• Deficiency symptoms would not appear for 1-2 years in an adult after • minimal intake in the diet • Major nutrition problem in developing countries • 250 million children this deficiency • 1-2% become blind every year • Night blindness is one of the first detectable signs • Individuals lose the ability to recover from the temporary blinding of • a bright light at night • Total blindness |
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Vitamin D
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creates a calcium deficiency
• Calcium would not be absorbed in the GI tract without it • Factors that contribute to deficiency include: • Dark skin • Breastfeeding without supplementation • Lack of sunlight • Not using fortified milk • Adults • Osteopenia • Osteoporosis • Older adults • Common in the elderly • Older adults typically drink less milk • Spend a lot of time inside • Children and adolescents: deficient adolescent do not reach peak bone mass. • Children • Rickets- Inadequate bone mineralization that causes bowed legs• Not common in US, but common worldwide |
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Vitamin E
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• Rare
• Deficiency is usually associated with diseases with fat • malabsorption • Causes neuromuscular dysfunction |
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Vitamin K
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• Secondary deficiency-occurs for other reasons than inadequate
• dietary intake • Problems with fat absorption may cause deficiency • Antibiotics kill the bacteria in the intestine • Newborns are born with a sterile GI tract and thus their body cannot make this vitamin • Given a single dose at birth |
