Vitamins And Nutrition

Front 1

what vitamin is thiamine?

Back 1

B1

Front 2

what advanced deficiency causes dry beriberi?

Back 2

B1 (thaimine)
1. affects the nervous system
2. leads to neuropathy
3. accompanied by inactivity and low calorie intake

Front 3

what advanced deficiency causes wet beriberi?

Back 3

1. B1
2. affects the cardiovascular system
3. leads to high-output cardiac failure
4. accompained by severe physical exertion and high carb intake

Front 4

what deficiency causes Wernicke-Korsafoff's syndrome?

Back 4

B1
*may see dry or wet beriberi

Front 5

most thiamine deficiency in the US is d/t what?

Back 5

alcoholism

Front 6

describe dry beriberi involvement:

Back 6

1. advanced deficiency of thiamine
2. involves both the peripheral and CNS
3. Peripheral nerve involvement=symmetric motor and sensory neuropathy c/ pain, paresthesias and loss of reflexes
4. legs are more affected than the arms

Front 7

what causes Wernicke-Korsafoff syndrome?

Back 7

1. central nervous system involvement from thiamin deficiency

Front 8

what is wernicke's encephalopathy characterized by?

Back 8

1. nystagmus progressing to ophthalmoplegia
2. truncal ataxia
3. confusion

Front 9

what is Korsafkoff's syndrome characterized by?

Back 9

1. amnesia
2. confabulation
3. impaired learning

Front 10

describe wet beriberi involvement:

Back 10

1. peripheral vasodilation resulting in high-output heart failure
2. dyspnea
3. tachycardia
4. cardiomegaly
5. pulmonary and peripheral edema
6. warm extremities mimicking cellulitis

Front 11

what vitamin is riboflavin?

Back 11

B2

Front 12

what advanced deficiency causes cheilosis (mouth fissures)?

Back 12

B2 (riboflavin)
1. cheilosis (mouth fissures)
2. angular stomatitis
3. glossitis

Front 13

what vitamin is niacin?

Back 13

B3

Front 14

what deficiency causes pellagra?

Back 14

B3(niacin)

Front 15

what is the classic triad of pellagra?

Back 15

B3 deficiency
1. dermatitis
2. diarrhea
3. dementia

Front 16

what is niacin used therapeutically for?

Back 16

treatment of:
1. hypercholesterolemia
2. hypertriglyceridemia
* in the form of nicotinc acid

Front 17

what are the major food sources of niacin?

Back 17

1. protein foods containing tryptophan
2. cereals
3. vegetables
4. dairy

Front 18

what is Hartnup's disease?

Back 18

1. dz of tryptophan metabolism

Front 19

what is seen in Hartnup's dz?

Back 19

1. dz of tryptophan metabolism
2. pellagra (3Ds)
3. B3 (niacin deficiency)

Front 20

what vitamin is pantothenate?

Back 20

B5

Front 21

what deficiency causes enteritis and dermatitis?

Back 21

1. B5 (pantothenate) def

Front 22

what vitamin is pyridoxine?

Back 22

B6

Front 23

what is seen c/ B6 def?

Back 23

1. neuropathy (frequently caused by isoniazid therapy for TB)

Front 24

what are the clinical syndromes seen c/ deficiencies of B vitamins?

Back 24

1. mouth soreness
2. glossitis
3. cheilosis
4. weakness
5. irritability
6. severe deficiency=peripheral neuropathy, anemia and seizures

Front 25

what should be routinely perscribed for patients receiving isoniazid?

Back 25

B6 (pyridoxine)

Front 26

what vitamin is cyanocobalamin?

Back 26

B12

Front 27

what is seen with deficiency of B12?

Back 27

1. pernicious anemia (lack of intrinsic factor)
2. leads to neuropathy, megaloblastic anemia, glossitis

Front 28

what do you seen in pts with increased consumption of raw eggs?

Back 28

1. biotin deficiency
2. leading to enteritis
3. d/t the avidin in the raw eggs blocking the biotin absorption

Front 29

what do you seen in pts c/ biotin deficiency?

Back 29

1. dermatitis
2. enteritis (caused by increased consumption of raw eggs, d/t the avidin in raw eggs blocking biotin absorption)

Front 30

what is a co-factor for insulin and def. of this causes glucose intolerance?

Back 30

chromium

Front 31

what is seen in a chromium deficiency?

Back 31

1. glucose intolerance
2. chromium is a cofactor for insulin

Front 32

what deficiency causes leukopenia and bone demineralization?

Back 32

copper def

Front 33

what is seen in a copper deficiency?

Back 33

1. leukopenia
2. bone demineralization

Front 34

what is seen c/ B1 (thiamine) def?

Back 34

1. wet beriberi (high-output cardiac failure)
2. dry beriberi (peripheral neuropathy)
3. Wernicke and Korsakoff syndromes

Front 35

what is seen c/ B2 (riboflavin) def?

Back 35

1. cheilosis
2. angular stomatitis
3. dermatitis

Front 36

what is seen c/ B3 (niacin) def?

Back 36

1. Pellagra!!=dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea
2. stomatitis

Front 37

what is seen c/ B6 (pyridoxine) def?

Back 37

1. peripheral neuropathy
2. cheilosis
3. stomatitis
4. convulsions in infants
5. microcytic anemia
6. seborrheic dermatitis

Front 38

what is seen c/ B6 (pyridoxine) toxicity?

Back 38

1. peripheal neuropathy (only B vitamin--B6--with toxicity)

Front 39

what is seen c/ B12 (cobalamin)def?

Back 39

1. megaloblastic anemia
2. plus neurologic sx

Front 40

what is seen c/ folic acid def?

Back 40

1. megaloblastic anemia
3. NO neurologic sx

Front 41

what is seen c/ vitamin C def?

Back 41

1. scurvy (hermorrhages--skin petechiae, bone gums; loose teeth; gingivitis)
2. poor wound healing
3. hyperkeratotic hair follicles
4. bone pain (from periosteal hemorrhages)

Front 42

what def causes microcytic anemia and koilonychia (sppon-shaped fingernails)?

Back 42

iron def

Front 43

what mineral toxicity causes hemochromatosis?

Back 43

iron toxicity

Front 44

what mineral def causes goiter, cretinism and hypothyroidism?

Back 44

iodine def

Front 45

what mineral toxicity causes myxedema?

Back 45

iodine toxicity

Front 46

what is seen in fluorine def?

Back 46

1. dental caries (cavities)

Front 47

what is seen in fluorine toxicity?

Back 47

1. fluorosis with mottling of teeth and bone exostoses

Front 48

what def causes hypogeusia (decreased taste), rash and slow wound healing?

Back 48

zinc def

Front 49

what is seen in zinc def?

Back 49

1. hypogeusia (decreased taste)
2. rash
3. slow wound healing

Front 50

what def causes Menke's dz?

Back 50

1. copper def
Menke's dz=x-linked, kinky hair, mental retardation

Front 51

what is Menke's dz?

Back 51

1. copper def
2. x-linked
3. kinky hair
4. mental retardation

Front 52

what is seen with copper toxicity?

Back 52

Wilson's dz

Front 53

what def causes cardiomyopathy and muscle pain?

Back 53

selenium def

Front 54

what toxicity causes loss of hair and nails?

Back 54

selenium toxicity

Front 55

what is seen in selenium def?

Back 55

1. cardiomyopathy
2. muscle pain

Front 56

what is seen c/ manganese toxicity?

Back 56

1. "manganese madness" in miners of ore

Front 57

what is seen c/ chromium def?

Back 57

impaired glucose tolerance

Front 58

what def does the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum cause?

Back 58

B12 def

Front 59

what is seen with folic acid def?

Back 59

1. neural tube defects
2. megaloblastic anemia (NO neurologic sx)

Front 60

what is seen c/ iodine def?

Back 60

1. hypothyroidism
2. cretinism
3. goiter

Front 61

what is plummer-vinson syndrome?

Back 61

1. from iron def
2. esophageal webs
3. spoon nails

Front 62

what def causes Plummer-vinson sx?

Back 62

iron def

Front 63

what is seen with iron toxicity?

Back 63

1. hemochromatosis
2. leading to multiorgan failure and
3. bronze diabetes

Front 64

what is bronze diabetes?

Back 64

hemochromatosis and multiorgan failure from iron toxicity

Front 65

what is seen with selenium def?

Back 65

1. myopathy
2. Keshan's disease (childhood cardiomyopathy)

Front 66

what is Keshan's dz?

Back 66

1. childhood cardiomyopathy
2. secondary to selenium def
3. very common in China