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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Factors increasing vitamin availability |
Provitamins- beta-carotene, tryptophan/nicotinic acid Colonic bacteria - K, B12, Folate |
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Factors decreasing vitamin availability |
Biliary dysfunction - K Binding - Nicotinic Acid Colonic bacteria in the SI - B12 + vit KADE |
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Vitamins stores time lasting: water-soluble |
most 3-6 months B12 for 1-2 yrs |
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Vitamins stores time lasting: fat soluble |
1-2 yrs |
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3 types of h2o soluble vits |
Intermediary Metabolism Vitamins Anaemia preventing Antioxidants |
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Intermediary Metabolism vitamins |
Thiamin, Nicotinic acid, Riboflavin , Pantothenic acid, Pyridoxine |
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Anaemia Preventing vitamins |
B12 in animal products + yeast (deficiency->megaloblastic anaemia) Folate in green veg (deficiency->NTD+anaemia) If B12decreases, so does folate |
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Antioxidants |
Vit C |
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Fat soluble vitamins - A |
A group of fat soluble compounds Retinol (most active) is preformed A Retinoic acid Carotenoids (beta-carotene most common source) |
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Retinol and beta carotene |
Ret- animal products B-C - in veg. Is pro-vit A. need 6 times as much as do retinol |
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Actions of fat soluble vitamins |
Rhodopsin in rod cells Epithelial maintenance (keratin) Growth+repair of skin+tissue cells Retinoic acid is involved in gene expression + differentiation |
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Vit. A deficiency |
Night-blindness Xeropthalmia Keratomalacia |
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Vit. A toxicity |
Acute: Nausea/Vomiting/Headache Chronic: ^CSF pressure, Hepatomegaly, Joint pain, Teratogenesis + birth defects |
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d3 location |
D3 in fish oils, egg yolks and butter |
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7-DHC location |
animal fats and plant starched also via UV light |
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Pathway of Vit D |
7-DHC>Pre-vitD3>VitD3>Calcidiol>Calcitriol |
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Actions of Vit D |
Intestinal Ca+P absorption (Ca binding protein) Renal Ca+PO4 reabsorption->normal bones Neuromuscular, immune, apoptosis+inflammation |
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Vit D deficiency |
Rickets in children Osteomalacia in adults |
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vit D toxicity |
Weakness, nausea, cramps diarrhoea, hypercalcaemia, soft tissue calcification |
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Define Minerals |
Inorganic elements that must be supplied in diet and have a physiological function |
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Calcium needed for: |
Bones Cell signalling Muscles (we have 1.2kg) |
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Calcium Sources |
Dairy, added to flour, hard water |
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Calcium absorption |
intestines, via calbindin |
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Calcium regulation |
PTH released when Ca low releases from bone+kidneys, and increases uptake Calcitonin when high decreases release from bone and promotes extretion |
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Iron needed for |
Hb, Electron Transport, Cytochromes |
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Dietary Enhancers of iron absorption |
Vit C, Fructose, Alcohol, Meat |
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Dietary inhibitors of iron absorption |
Tannins/Polyphenols Phosphates, Phytates Bran, lignn Other minerals |
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Physiological enhancers of iron absorption |
Iron deficiency and anaemia Fasting Pregnancy |
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Physiological inhibitors of Iron absorption |
Fe overload Achlorhydria (no HCl) Copper deficiency |
