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41 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Biotin deficiency and who are most at risk

Deficiency: lethargy, anorexia, nausea, glossitis, depression


Most prone for deficiency: alcoholism, excessive raw egg consumption, pregnant women

Biotin coenzyme and function

Carboxybiotinyl lysine


Function: Co2 transfer


carboxylation reactions

Biotin AI

30 micrograms

Biotin deficiency and who is most at risk

dermatitis, glossitis, convulsions


Most at risk for deficiency: elderly, alcoholism, medication use

B6 sources and RDA

Steak


Potatoes


Salmon


Banana


Whole grains


RDA= 1.3 mg

B6 coenzyme and functions

PLP


Transamination


Decarboxylation reactions

Folate sources and RDA

Spinach


asparagus


lima beans


beef liver


turnip greens


RDA= 400 micrograms

Folate coenzyme and function

5-methyl THF


one carbon transfer reaction

Folate deficiency and who's most prone

Megoblastic anemia


Fatigue


Weakness


Most prone: pregnant women and alcoholism

B12 sources and RDA

meat


fish/shellfish


poultry


milk


RDA= 2.4 micrograms

B12 deficiency & most prone

Megaolblastic Macrocytic Anemia


Methyl-folate rap


Degeneration of peripheral nerves


Most at risk: elderly, strict vegetarians, smoking

B12 coenzyme and function

Coenzymes: methylcobalamin, adenosylcobalamin


Functions: methylation of homocysteine to methionine


Coverts methylmalonyl CoA to Succinyl CoA

Vitamin C sources

Papaya


Orange Juice


Broccoli


Green Peppers


Strawberries

Vitamin C deficiency

scurvy


Petechiae (red skin discolorations)


Joint pain (arthralgia)

Most prone to vitamin C deficiency

elderly


alcoholism


diabetes


cancer

Vitamin C RDA

75 mg

Vitamin C major functions

antioxidant


hydroxylating enzymes involved in collagen, carnitine and norepinephrine synthesis

Vitamin B1 sources

yeast


pork


sunflower seeds


legumes

B1 deficiency

beribery (wet, dry)


muscle weakness


anorexia


edema


enlarged heart

Most prone to be B1 deficient

elderly, alcoholism, Wernicke's encephalopathy (paralysis of eye muscles, impaired muscle coordination and brain damage)

B1 RDA

1.1 mg

B1 coenzyme

TPP


TDP

B1 major functions

Oxidative decarboxylation of alpha keto acids and 2-ketosugars

B2 sources

meat


eggs


yogurt


ricotta cheese


nonfat milk

B2 deficiency

glossitis


angular stomatitis


cheilosis


ariboflavinosis

Prone to B2 deficiency

alcoholism


diabetes


elderly

B2 RDA

1.1 mg

B2 coenzyme

electron transfer reactions (hydrogen)


FAD


FMN

B2 major functions

electron (hydrogen) transfer reactions

B3 sources

tuna


chicken


beef


veal


halibut

B3 deficiency

Pellagra


Diarrhea


Dermatitis


Dementia


Death

B3 RDA

14 mg

B3 coenzyme

NAD


NADP

B3 function

electron (hydrogen) transfer reactions

Most prone to B3 deficiency

alcoholism


chronic diarrhea


hartnup disease


inflammatory bowel disease

Pantothenic Acid Sources

egg yolk


broccoli


mushrooms


sweet potatoes


avocado

Pantothenic Acid Deficiency

burning feet syndrome (numbness in toes and burning sensation in feet)


vomiting


fatigue


weakness

Prone to Pantothenic Acid Deficiency

alcoholism


diabetes


inflammatory bowel disease

AI of Pantothenic Acid

5 mg

Pantothenic Acid coenzyme and function

Coenzyme A


Function: Acyl transfer reactions

Biotin Sources

liver


eggs


soybean


synthesized by microflora of digestive tract