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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Biotin deficiency and who are most at risk |
Deficiency: lethargy, anorexia, nausea, glossitis, depression Most prone for deficiency: alcoholism, excessive raw egg consumption, pregnant women |
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Biotin coenzyme and function |
Carboxybiotinyl lysine Function: Co2 transfer carboxylation reactions |
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Biotin AI |
30 micrograms |
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Biotin deficiency and who is most at risk |
dermatitis, glossitis, convulsions Most at risk for deficiency: elderly, alcoholism, medication use |
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B6 sources and RDA |
Steak Potatoes Salmon Banana Whole grains RDA= 1.3 mg |
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B6 coenzyme and functions |
PLP Transamination Decarboxylation reactions |
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Folate sources and RDA |
Spinach asparagus lima beans beef liver turnip greens RDA= 400 micrograms |
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Folate coenzyme and function |
5-methyl THF one carbon transfer reaction |
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Folate deficiency and who's most prone |
Megoblastic anemia Fatigue Weakness Most prone: pregnant women and alcoholism |
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B12 sources and RDA |
meat fish/shellfish poultry milk RDA= 2.4 micrograms |
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B12 deficiency & most prone |
Megaolblastic Macrocytic Anemia Methyl-folate rap Degeneration of peripheral nerves Most at risk: elderly, strict vegetarians, smoking |
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B12 coenzyme and function |
Coenzymes: methylcobalamin, adenosylcobalamin Functions: methylation of homocysteine to methionine Coverts methylmalonyl CoA to Succinyl CoA |
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Vitamin C sources |
Papaya Orange Juice Broccoli Green Peppers Strawberries |
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Vitamin C deficiency |
scurvy Petechiae (red skin discolorations) Joint pain (arthralgia) |
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Most prone to vitamin C deficiency |
elderly alcoholism diabetes cancer |
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Vitamin C RDA |
75 mg |
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Vitamin C major functions |
antioxidant hydroxylating enzymes involved in collagen, carnitine and norepinephrine synthesis |
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Vitamin B1 sources |
yeast pork sunflower seeds legumes |
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B1 deficiency |
beribery (wet, dry) muscle weakness anorexia edema enlarged heart |
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Most prone to be B1 deficient |
elderly, alcoholism, Wernicke's encephalopathy (paralysis of eye muscles, impaired muscle coordination and brain damage) |
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B1 RDA |
1.1 mg |
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B1 coenzyme |
TPP TDP |
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B1 major functions |
Oxidative decarboxylation of alpha keto acids and 2-ketosugars |
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B2 sources |
meat eggs yogurt ricotta cheese nonfat milk |
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B2 deficiency |
glossitis angular stomatitis cheilosis ariboflavinosis |
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Prone to B2 deficiency |
alcoholism diabetes elderly |
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B2 RDA |
1.1 mg |
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B2 coenzyme |
electron transfer reactions (hydrogen) FAD FMN |
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B2 major functions |
electron (hydrogen) transfer reactions |
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B3 sources |
tuna chicken beef veal halibut |
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B3 deficiency |
Pellagra Diarrhea Dermatitis Dementia Death |
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B3 RDA |
14 mg |
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B3 coenzyme |
NAD NADP |
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B3 function |
electron (hydrogen) transfer reactions |
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Most prone to B3 deficiency |
alcoholism chronic diarrhea hartnup disease inflammatory bowel disease |
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Pantothenic Acid Sources |
egg yolk broccoli mushrooms sweet potatoes avocado |
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Pantothenic Acid Deficiency |
burning feet syndrome (numbness in toes and burning sensation in feet) vomiting fatigue weakness |
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Prone to Pantothenic Acid Deficiency |
alcoholism diabetes inflammatory bowel disease |
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AI of Pantothenic Acid |
5 mg |
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Pantothenic Acid coenzyme and function |
Coenzyme A Function: Acyl transfer reactions |
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Biotin Sources |
liver eggs soybean synthesized by microflora of digestive tract |