Vitamins

Front 1

fat soluble

Back 1

ADEK, absorption dependent on gut (ileum) and pancreas
toxicity more common because they accumulate in fat
malabsorption can cause def

Front 2

water soluble

Back 2

B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, C, biotin, folate
all wash out easily from body except B12 which is stored in liver

Front 3

A def

Back 3

night blindness, dry skin

Front 4

A function, exceess

Back 4

constituent of visual pigment; arthralgias, fatigue, headahce, skin change, sore throat, alopecia
found in leafy veggies

Front 5

B1 (thiamine) def

Back 5

Beriberi and WK syndrome; seen in alcoholism and malnutrition
dry: polyneuritis
wet: high output CF

Front 6

B1 function

Back 6

cofactor for oxidative decarboxy of a-ketoacids, cofactor for transketolase in HMP shunt

Front 7

B2 (riboflavin) def

Back 7

angular stomatitis, cheilosis, corneal vascularization

Front 8

B2 function

Back 8

cofactor in ox-red
FMN, FAD

Front 9

B3 def

Back 9

pellagra can be caused by Hartnup disease (decreased tryp absorption), malignant carcinoid syndrome and INH
sxs: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

Front 10

B3 function

Back 10

constituent of NAD, NADP
derived from tryp using B6

Front 11

B6 (pyridoxine) def

Back 11

convulsions, hyperirritability (def induced by INH and OCP), peripheral neuropathy

Front 12

B5 function

Back 12

coverted to pyridoxal phosphate - transaminatiors (ALT, AST), decarbox, heme synthesis

Front 13

B12 (cobalamin) def

Back 13

macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia; neuro sxs (optic neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration, parasthesia), glossitis
def caused by: malabsorption, lack of IF, or absence of terminal ileum
Schilling test to detect def
abnormal myelin seen

Front 14

B12 function

Back 14

cofactor for homocysteine methylation (transfers CH3 groups)
stored in liver
very large reserve
synthesized by microorganisms

Front 15

Folic acid def

Back 15

most common vitamin def; macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
no neuro sxs

Front 16

folic acid function

Back 16

coenzyme (tetrahydrofolate) for 1 carbon transfer; involved in Me reactions
important for synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA

Front 17

Biotin def

Back 17

dermitits, enteritis, caused by antiobiotic use, ingestion of raw eggs

Front 18

Biotin function

Back 18

cofactor for caboxylations
pyruvate-->OAA
ACOA-->MCoA
PCOA-->MMCoA

Front 19

Vit C def

Back 19

scurvy- swollen gums, bruising, anemia, poor wound healing

Front 20

Vit C funciton

Back 20

necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
facilitates iron absorption by keeping iron in Fe2 reduced state
necessary cofactor for DA-->NE

Front 21

Vit D def

Back 21

rickets in children (bending bones), osteomalacia in adults (soft bones), hypocalcemic tetany

Front 22

function vit D

Back 22

increase intestinal absorption of Ca and P

Front 23

vit D excess

Back 23

hypercalcemia, loss of appetite, stupor
seen in sarcoidosis- disease where epithelial macrophages convert vit D into active form

Front 24

storage form of vitamin D

Back 24

25-OH D3

Front 25

active form of vit D

Back 25

1, 25 (OH)2 D3

Front 26

vit D from milk

Back 26

ergocalciferol, consumed in milk D2

Front 27

vit D from sun skin

Back 27

cholecalciferol D3

Front 28

Vit E def

Back 28

increased fragility of erythrocytes, neurodysfunction

Front 29

vit E function

Back 29

antioxidant (protects erythrocytes from hemolysis)

Front 30

vit K def

Back 30

neonatal hemorrhage with increased PT and PTT but normal bleeding time because neonates have sterile intestines and are unable to synthesize vit K

Front 31

vit K function

Back 31

catalyzes gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on various proteins concerned with blood clotting
synthesized by intestinal flora

Front 32

K dependent clotting factors

Back 32

II, VII, IX, X
protein C and S
warfarin is vitamin K antagonist

Front 33

Zinc deficiency

Back 33

delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, decreased adult hair, may predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis

Front 34

Clinical characteristics of WK syndrome

Back 34

ocular distrubances, nystagmus
gait ataxia
mental dysfunction (confusion, apathy, listlessness, disorientation)
Korsakoff psychosis- retrograde recall, inability ot acquire new info

Front 35

ntureint def assoc with cheilosis, glossitis, stomatitis

Back 35

iron, riboflavin, niacin, folate, B12

Front 36

how does niacin help tx type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia

Back 36

inhibits lipolysis in adipose-->less circulating free fatty acids --> less fatty acids to liver --> less VLDL --> less LDL

Front 37

INH leads to deficiency in

Back 37

B6 and B3

Front 38

folic acid is involved in synthesis of...

Back 38

purines (A and G) and thymine

Front 39

where is B12 absorbed

Back 39

distal ileum
Crohns and sprue can cause absorption problems

Front 40

what organs help absorb B12

Back 40

salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, distal ileum

Front 41

antioxidant vitamins

Back 41

C, E and A

Front 42

how does vit D work at the cell

Back 42

interacts with target cell DNA to selectively stimulate or repress gene stimulation

Front 43

first vit D hydroxylation

Back 43

25, in liver

Front 44

second vit D hydroxylation

Back 44

1, in kidney