Vitamins

Front 1

Can vitamins be oxidized to produce energy?

Back 1

No

Front 2

What are the causes of vitamins deficiency?

Back 2

1- Inadequate dietary intake.
2- Malabsorption.
3- Absence for the enzymes which transport, activate, & utilize vitamins.
4- Increased demand.
5- Increased excretion.
6- Some drugs.

Front 3

What are the two classes of vitamins?

Back 3

1- Fat-soluble.
2- Water-soluble.

Front 4

What are the major fat-soluble vitamins?

Back 4

ADEK

Front 5

What does the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins require?

Back 5

1- Lipids.
2- Bile Salts.

Front 6

Do fat-soluble vitamins require a carrier protein?

Back 6

yes

Front 7

Where are the fat-soluble vitamins stored?

Back 7

liver

Front 8

Are the fat-soluble vitamns excreted?

Back 8

No

Front 9

When do the manifestations of a deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins become manifest?

Back 9

When the stores are depleted

Front 10

Can the fat-soluble vitamins become toxic?

Back 10

Yes, This is called hypervitaminosis.

Front 11

How can we prevent the fat-soluble vitamins deficiency?

Back 11

Single large dose

Front 12

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

Back 12

B Complex group and C

Front 13

Compounds with Vitamin A activity are called

Back 13

Retinoids

Front 14

Retinoids are

Back 14

polyisoprenoid compunds

Front 15

Retinoids have a .... ring

Back 15

Beta-inone

Front 16

The provitamin of Vitamin A

Back 16

Beta-Carotene

Front 17

The color of beta-carotenes

Back 17

Yellow to orange

Front 18

How is Beta-carotene converted to vitamin A?

Back 18

Oxidation in the liver = 2 Vitamin A

Front 19

Name 3 different compounds with Vitamin A activity?

Back 19

Retinol
Retinal
Retinoic Acid

Front 20

Oxidation of retinol or retinal to retinoic acid is

Back 20

Irreversible

Front 21

What are the animal sources of Vitamin A?

Back 21

Milk
Butter
Egg Yolk
Liver
Fish Liver oils

Front 22

Animal sources of beta-carotene:

Back 22

Corpus luteum
Cow's milk

Front 23

1 IU = ? RE

Back 23

0.3 RE = 0.3 * microgram retinal

Front 24

Daily Vitamin A requirements for children

Back 24

1400-2000 IU

Front 25

Daily Vitamin A requirements for females

Back 25

4000 IU

Front 26

Daily Vitamin A requirements for Males & pregnant females

Back 26

5000 IU

Front 27

Retinoids are incorporated into

Back 27

cholymicrons

Front 28

Retinal is required for

Back 28

Normal vision

Front 29

Retinoic acid is implicated in

Back 29

growth and differentiation

Front 30

Retinol is necessary for the

Back 30

reproductive system

Front 31

Beta carotene acts as an

Back 31

antioxidant

Front 32

Rhodopsin is found in ... in the eye

Back 32

rods

Front 33

Rhodopsin consists of

Back 33

Opsin + 11-cis retinal

Front 34

What are the biological functions of Vitamin A?

Back 34

1- Vision in dim light.
2- Maintenance of normal epithelium and skin.
3- Sulfation of the mucopolysaccharides in the matrix of bones.
4- They can act as steroid hormones.
5- Retinoic acid's role in growth and differentiation.
6- Beta-carotenes act as antioxidants.

Front 35

What are the manifestations of Vitamin A deficiency:

Back 35

1- Nyctalopia.
2- Xerophthalmia.
3- Keratomalacia.
4- Xeroderma.
5- Keratinizing mataplasia.

Front 36

Bitot's spots

Back 36

Greyish-white triangular plaques firmly adherent to the conjunctiva.

Front 37

Manifestations of hypervitaminosis A

Back 37

1- Anorexia and vomiting.
2- Peeling of skin.
3- Painful bones and painful joints.
4- Loss of hair.
5- Enlargement of liver and spleen.