Vitals Test

Front 1

Temperature

Back 1

balance maintained by the body between heat loss and gain

Front 2

Body loses heat thru five processes:

Back 2

convection-fan or wind across body
conduction-sleeping on ground
radiation-heat leaving a wood stove
evaporation-sweating
elimination-carried with body waste

Front 3

Things that increase temperature

Back 3

muscle activity
digestion
ovulation
pregnancy
emotion

Front 4

Things that decrease temperature

Back 4

lack of activity
fasting
sweating
exposure to cold
age/size

Front 5

Temperature Normal and Average

Back 5

There is no normal
Avg temp for an adult is 98.6/37.0
Normal range: 97-99
<97hypothermia
>99-104low grade fever

Front 6

Types of fever

Back 6

Intermittant, remittant, continuous

Front 7

Intermittant fever

Back 7

Fluxuates from a normal or below temperature to an increased one, going back and forth.

Front 8

Remittant fever

Back 8

Fluxuating fever that never returns all the way to normal.

Front 9

Continuous fever

Back 9

The increased temperature is maintained and does not fluxuate

Front 10

Febrile

Back 10

Fever

Front 11

Pyrexia

Back 11

Fever

Front 12

Phases of Fever

Back 12

Onset: fever begins. (pale, shivering).
Fastigium: fever becomes active. (heat,flushed,malaise,sweaty).
Resolution: body returns to normal temp. (Lysis/gradual,Crisis/sudden w/sweating)

Front 13

Fastigium

Back 13

The second phase of fever when it become active. (heat,flushed,malaise,sweaty)

Front 14

Diaphoresis

Back 14

excessive sweating

Front 15

Types of thermometers

Back 15

glass,disposable,digital,tympanic,
temporal artery.
Mercury discontinued in 98

Front 16

R, A, Tym, TA

Back 16

Rectal- 1 degree higher than oral
Axillary- 1 degree lower than oral
Tympanic- Equal to oral
Temporal Artery- 1 degree higher than oral.

Front 17

Pulse sites
*3 most common

Back 17

temporal,*carotid, apical, *brachial,*radial,femoral,popliteal,
dorsalis pedis, posterior tibia

Front 18

Influencing factors: Pulse

Back 18

age,gender,size,physical activity,emotional stress,disease,meds,pain

Front 19

3 characteristics of pulse

Back 19

Rate,Strength,Regularity

Front 20

Pulse rate Definition
Pulse adult normal and normal range

Back 20

# of beats per minute.
Adult normal is 72bpm
Adult range: 60-100

Front 21

Tachycardia

Back 21

A pulse rate that is > than 100bpm

Front 22

Bradycardia

Back 22

A pulse rate that is < 50bpm

Front 23

Pulse strength

Back 23

refers to force. Amount of blood forced into an artery by the heart. (strong,bounding, weak, thready, irregular)

Front 24

Pulse regularity

Back 24

Rhythm or eveness of the beats.

Front 25

3 types of regularity

Back 25

Regular
Irregular:Time between beats or strength of beats changes.
Intermittant-beat is skipped, strength doesnt vary.

Front 26

Apical pulse found

Back 26

5th intercostal space, midclavicular on left side of pt.

Front 27

Normal respiration rate

Back 27

1:4 ratio

Front 28

Factors that influence respiration rate

Back 28

age, size, physical activity, emotions, medications, disease, smoking, fever, body position

Front 29

Characteristics of respiration

Back 29

rate: breaths per minute
Normal adult range: 12-20

Rhythm: regular pattern of breathing.

Depth: the amount of air being breathed in and out; deep or shallow.

Audibility: How the breathing sounds.

Front 30

5 Breath sounds

Back 30

Rales: crackling
ronchi: rattling
wheeze: windy
stridor: heard on inspiration
stretorous: snoring

Front 31

Apnea

Back 31

absence of breathing.
longer than 10 sec at sleep req. CPAP

Front 32

Tachypnea

Back 32

rapid respiration rate, rises with body temp about 4 breaths per minute with every degree above normal.

Front 33

Bradypnea

Back 33

slower than normal respirations. tumors, alcohol, opiates

Front 34

Orthopnea

Back 34

difficult or painful breathing lying down, relieved when sitting up.

Front 35

Hyperpnea

Back 35

increase in rate and depth of breath. Excercise.

Front 36

Dyspnea

Back 36

painful or difficult breathing

Front 37

Hypoventilation

Back 37

decrease in rate and depth of respirations

Front 38

Hyperventilation

Back 38

increase in depth, rate, and duration of breathing. Can cause dizziness, fainting, and tingling.

Front 39

O2 levels measure what

Back 39

percent of oxygen present in blood stream

Front 40

pulse oximeter

Back 40

used to gauge 02 %

Front 41

Normal O2 level

Back 41

94% or above.

90% or lower needs supplementation

88% or lower is abnormal.

Front 42

4 main factors that affect blood pressure

Back 42

Blood Volume,
Peripheral Resistance,
Vessel Elasticity,
Condition of heart muscle

Front 43

Other factors that affect blood pressure

Back 43

activity, stress, gender, meds, disease, daily flux

Front 44

Blood pressure cuff called

Back 44

sphygmomanometer

Front 45

types of sphygmomanometers

Back 45

mercury
aneroid
digital

Front 46

Korotkoff Phases/Sounds

Back 46

l: First sound heard. Recorded as systolic reading
ll: swishing sound, blood passing
lll: rhythmic tapping, cuff deflating
lV: muffling; fading of tapping, cuff deflating
V: Sound disappears; recorded as diastolic reading.

Front 47

Normal Blood Pressure Adult

Back 47

110/70 to 140/90

Front 48

Abnormal Blood Pressure

Back 48

Hypertention is > 140/90

Hypotention is < 90/60

Front 49

Systole

Back 49

Heart in action

Front 50

Diastole

Back 50

Heart at rest

Front 51

Patient positioning for BP

Back 51

arm is supported at heart level
uncrossed legs
pt rested and relaxed
bladder should cover 2/3 of pt arm

Front 52

Common Errors taking BP

Back 52

wrong cuff size
arm not at heart level
deflating cuff too fast (2-4mmHg per beat)
re-inflating cuff within 1-2 minutes
improper cuff placement

Front 53

Steps to taking BP

Back 53

Center bladder of cuff over brachial artery 2-3 inches above the elbow.
Position stethoscope over brachial artery. Avoid using thumb.
Inflate cuff smooth and quick to 180-200.
Deflate cuff smooth and steady rate.
Listen for Korotkoff sounds. Note when they appear.
Continue deflating cuff. Note when all sounds disappear.
Continue deflating 10mm past last sound.
Completely deflate and remove cuff.
Comfirm pt comfort, record results.

Front 54

anthropometric

Back 54

measures bone/tissue. tape measure.

Front 55

Height

Back 55

Document in inches.
round to nearest 1/4 inch.

Front 56

Significance of weight measurement

Back 56

insight into metabolic,nutritional, and emotional problems.

Front 57

Always do what to scale

Back 57

Zero out scale when done!!!

Front 58

Pediatric head circumference

Back 58

use no stretch tape measure
wrap snugly around widest point of head (occiput and orbital)
1-2 fingers above eyebrows, no ears
remeasure twice for total of 3 times,
record largest number to 1/8

Front 59

Pediatric chest circumference

Back 59

use no stretch measure tape
Lying on back with no clothes
measure around child at nipple level
during normal breathing.