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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 6 Vital signs?
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temp., pulse, respiration, BP, Pain, oxygen saturation
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When do you take vital signs?
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on adm to facility, as sch, before/after surgery, when blood given, chg in current status, with meds that affect card., resp, and temp control
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Body temperature definition
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difference b/t amt. of heat produced by body and amt. of heat lost to external environment
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Normal body temp range
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96.8 - 100.4 F
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Average oral temp
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96.8 F
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Which temp. is more reliable
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core
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What controls body temperature and where is it located?
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hypothalmus, middle brain
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What happens when there is an increase in temp above a set point?
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vasodilatation, sweating
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What happens when there is a decrease in temp below a set point?
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vasoconstriction, muscle shivering, heat conservation
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What is the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?
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heat produced by body at absolute rest (sleeping, watching tv)
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What can increase BMR by up to 50x's the norm.
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Exercise
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What can increase BMR 4x's normal?
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shivering
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What are the 4 types of heat loss?
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radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation
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What is radiation?
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the transfer of heat b/t 2 objects w/o physical contact
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What is an example of radiation?
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sun, x-ray
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What is conduction?
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Transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact
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What is convection?
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Transfer of heat away from objects
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What is an example of convection?
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circulating (fans)
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What is evaporation?
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transfer of energy when liquid is changed to gas
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What is an example of evaporation?
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sweat, ventilation
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What is pyrexia?
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fever
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What causes pyrexia?
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when heat loss mechanisims are unable to keep pace w/ excess heat production resulting in an abnormal rise in body temp
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When does a fever become harmful?
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over 102 f
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Is a single temp reading indictative of a fever?
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no
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Why is pyrexia important?
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it is an immune defense, stimulates WBC production
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What is hyperthermia?
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elevated body temp r/t body's inability to promote heat loss or reduce heat production
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When does hyperthermia occur?
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after prolonged heat exposure
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What are the s/s of hyperthermia?
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N/V hot Dry skin, confusion
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Who is most at risk for hyperthermia?
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outside workers, elderly
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What is hypothermia?
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heat loss r/t prolonged cold exposure
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What are the s/s of hypothermia?
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uncontrolled shivering, loss of memory, depression, poor judgment, sleepy, extremities numb
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When a person is hypothermic how low is their temp?
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below 93.2 F
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What falls when a person is hypothermic?
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temp, resp, BP,
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How fast should you warm a person with hypothermia?
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gradually
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Where are the intermittent temp sites?
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tympanic membrane, mouth, rectum, axilla, or skin patch
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What is the degree difference for rectal temps? axilla temps?
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up 0.9 rectal, down 0.9 axilla
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What is the F to C formula?
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(104F - 32F) x 5/9 (0.56)=40C
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What are the types of thermometers?
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electronic, disposable, glass/Mercury
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What is good about an electric thermometer?
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fastest read time
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What is good about a disposable thermometer?
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single use, good w/ kids
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Tell about glass/Mercury thermometer.
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slowest, mercury toxic
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What is the advantage to a tympanic temp?
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sensitive to core temp, unaffected by food/drink
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What is the advantage to a oral temp?
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fast, easy
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What is the advantage to a rectal temp?
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reflects core
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What is the advantage to an axilla temp?
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safe, noninvasive
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What is the advantage to a skin temp?
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inexpensive
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What is the disadvantage to an tympanic temp?
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must remove hearing aids and have had no otic sx
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What is a disadvantage to oral temps?
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no food/drink 30 min before
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What is a disadvantage to rectal temp?
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no incontinence
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What is a disadvantage to a axilla temp?
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lags behind core temp
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What is a disadvantage to a skin temp?
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sweating unusable
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What is pulse?
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the palpable bounding of blood flow in a peripheral artery
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What is the pulse rate?
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the amount of pulsing sensations in one minute
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HR X SV
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cardiac volume
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What is the average cardiac volume?
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50-75 ml
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What are the 4 parts to a stethoscope?
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earpieces, tubing, diaphragm, bell
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What is the normal pulse rate in an infant?
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120-150
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What is the normal pulse rate in a school age child?
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75-100
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What is the normal pulse rate for an adult?
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60-100
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What is tachycardia
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abnormally elevated heartrate over 100
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what is bradycardia?
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abnormally low HR under 60
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What is the normal pulse rhythm?
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regular interval between each beat
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What is dysrhythmia?
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interval interrupted by early or late beats
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Pulse deficit?
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difference b/t apical and radial pulse
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What is the pulse strength?
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volume of blood ejected against arterial wall w/ each heart contraction
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What are the 4 types of pulse strength?
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Thready 1+, Strong 2+, Full 3+, Bounding 4+
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