Vital Signs

Front 1

_______allow a nurse to identify changes in vital signs.

Back 1

baseline measurements

Front 2

drugs that reduce fever

Back 2

antipyretics

Front 3

normal pulse range

Back 3

60-100 beats per minute

Front 4

normal respiration rate

Back 4

12-20 breaths per minute

Front 5

average blood pressure

Back 5

120/80 mm Hg

Front 6

average pulse pressure

Back 6

30-50 mm Hg

Front 7

acceptable temperature range

Back 7

36 to 38 C
96.8 to 100.4 F

Front 8

__________offers temperature readings that are the most representative of average body temperature.

Back 8

pulmonary artery

Front 9

____________controls heat loss, and _____________controls heat production.

Back 9

anterior hypothalamus, posterior hypothalamus

Front 10

core temperature measurement sites

Back 10

rectum
tympanic membrane
esophogus
pulmonary artery
urinary bladder

Front 11

surface temp measurement sites

Back 11

skin
axillae
oral

Front 12

conditions that can cause serious alterations in temperature control

Back 12

disease or trauma to the hypothalamus

disease or trauma to the spinal cord, which carries hypothalamic messages

Front 13

average basal metabolic rate (BMR) depends on-

Back 13

body surface area
thyroid hormones
stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system by norepinephrine and epinephrine
testosterone

Front 14

the metabolic rate can increase up to ______ times normal during exercise.

Back 14

2000

Front 15

shivering can increase heat production _______ times greater than normal.

Back 15

4-5

Front 16

nonshivering thermogenesis occurs primarily in ________.

Back 16

neonates

Front 17

the client's position helps determine heat loss through radiation. _____causes greater heat loss, and ______minimizes it.

Back 17

standing
lying in the fetal position

Front 18

approx. amount of water lost through evaporation each day

Back 18

600-900 ml

Front 19

visible perspiration is called-

Back 19

diaphoresis

Front 20

ability of a person to voluntarily control body temperature includes:

Back 20

degree of temp. extreme
person's ability to sense feeling comfortable or uncomfortable
thought processes or emotions
person's mobility or ability to remove or add clothes.

Front 21

temperature regulation is unstable until children reach______.

Back 21

puberty

Front 22

prolonged strenuous exercise, such as long distance running, can temporarily raise body temps up to_____.

Back 22

41 C
105.8 F

Front 23

in women, when progesterone levels are low, the body temp __________ the baseline level.

Back 23

falls a few tenths of a degree below

Front 24

during ovulation, greater progesterone levels cause the body temp ________

Back 24

to rise to baseline levels or higher

Front 25

temp normally changes _________ during a 24 hour period

Back 25

0.5 to 1 degree C
0.9 to 1.8 degree F

Front 26

temp is usually lowest between____________

Back 26

1-4am

Front 27

temp is usually highest at about __________

Back 27

6pm (95% of clients will have max temp value at 6pm)

Front 28

clinical term for "fever"

Back 28

hyperpyrexia

Front 29

a fever is usually not harmful if it stays below______.

Back 29

39 C
102.2 F

Front 30

a true fever results from-

Back 30

an alteration in the hypothalamic set point.

Front 31

alteration in hypothalamic set point is caused by-

Back 31

pyrogens triggering immune system, which causes hypothalamus to raise the set point.

Front 32

Three phases of a fever-

Back 32

1. set point is raised, body produces and conserves heat to reach set point
2. plateau-- person feels warm and dry
3. if new set point has been "overshot" or pyrogens are removed, the set point drops and heat loss responses are innitiated.

Front 33

increased temperature reduces the concentration of _____in the blood, suppressing the growth of bacteria.

Back 33

iron

Front 34

fever fight viral infections by stimulating the production of________.

Back 34

interferon

Front 35

the cause of a fever is referred to as its______

Back 35

etiology

Front 36

the body's metabolism increases _____ for every degree Celsius of temperature elevation

Back 36

13%

Front 37

inadequate oxygen to cells is called_________

Back 37

cellular hypoxia

Front 38

fever puts a client at risk for______

Back 38

fluid volume deficit (dehydration)

Front 39

whereas fever results from_______, hyperthermia results from_________

Back 39

an upward shift in the set point
an overload of the body's thermoregulatory mechanisms