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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the system that controls conscious visual perception?
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Geniculo-striate system
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trace the pathway of the geniculo-striate system
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Retina- Optic Nerve- Optic Chiasm- Optic Tract- LGN-Optic Radiations- Primary Visual Cortex- Extrastriate Cortex
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what is the function of the Retino-Tectal System?
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directs eye movements and visual attention
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trace the pathway of the retino-tectal system
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Retina- Superior Colliculus- Pulvinar- Extrastriate Cortex
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how does information get from the LGN to the occipital lobe (Primary Visual Cortex)?
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optic radiations
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what are optic radiations?
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white matter tacts that extend from the LGN to the Primary Visual Cortex in the occipital lobe
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where is the Primary Visual Cortex located?
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in the Calcarine Fissure
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what is the image like that is projected on the retina?
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upside down and backwards
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damage to what lobe can cause visual field defects?
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temporal
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what is the circular system of the retinogeniculate pathway called?
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Myers' Loop
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trace the pathway of the pupil constriction pathway
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Retina- Optic Nerve, Chiasm, Tract- Pregeniculate Body- Pretectal Area- Posterior Commisure- Edignger Westphal Nucleus (Midbrain)- CNIII to Ciliary Ganglion- Constrictor Muscle of the Pupil
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trace the pathway of the pupil dilation pathway
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Retina-Optic Nerve, Chiasm, Tract- Pregeniculate Body-Reticular Formation of the Midbrain- Thoracic Spinal Cord-Superior Cervical Ganglion- Pupilary Dilator Muscle
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what can emotional responses cause?
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pupil dilation (sympathetic reflex from the sympathetic chain)
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Consensual Light Reflex....how is it possible to have constriction of both pupils when you shine a light into only one eye?
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the posterior commissure connects the two sides of this system together
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what does the pupil do in response to darkeness?
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dialates to get light
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which muscle controls accomodation?
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ciliary body
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what does thickening of the lens do?
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shortens the focal length
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what needs to happen in the lens for near vision?
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thickening of the lens
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trace the accomodation pathway
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Retina- LGN- Primary Visual Cortex- Extrastriate Cortex- Pretectum-Edinger Westphal nucleus-CN 3- ciliary ganglion- ciliary body
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what 3 things happen during accomodation?
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1) convergence of the two eyes
2) ciliary muscles contract for lens thickening 3) pupillary constriction |
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3 ways the accomodation reflex is different from the pupillary reflex
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1) it is voluntarily controlled
2) It is regulated by a negative feedback mehanism that automaticaly adjusts the focal power of the lens 3) The pathway is the only reflex pathway that includes the cerebral cortex |
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why does the accomodation pathway need to utilize the cerebral cortex?
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for detailed analysis of the image to determine if it is blurry
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what is retinotopy?
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receptors that are near each other in the retina will have projections into the nervous system that stay together
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what is the receptive field?
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the area of the visual field to which the cell responds
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what is the binocular visual field?
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when the visual fields overlap.....stuff in the middle that both eyes see
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where does the left visual field fall?
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on the right side of the retina in BOTH eyes
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what is the left 1/2 of the visual field comprised of?
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the right 1/2 of the retina in both eyes
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where does the left 1/2 of the visual field end up?
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on the right side of the brain below the Calcarine Fissure
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what is eccentricity?
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the distance from the center of gaze
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what happens to the ganglion cells as you look further into the peripheral field?
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there are fewer and fewer ganglion cells
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what is hemianopia?
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loss of vision in a hemifield (half of field)
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what is quadrantanopia?
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loss of vision in a quadrant
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