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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What % of adult vision is a neonates vision at birth?
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10%, 20/200
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Define the term Amblyopia
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Poor vision
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Until what age does poor vision result if an clear image is not focused onto the macula in BOTH eyes?
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7 years old
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Define strabismus
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Any condition in which both eyes do not work well together.
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Which are more common, comitant or incomitant strabismus?
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Comitant strabismus
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Which type of strabismus is more common in children?
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Comitant
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What is the etiology of comitant strabismus?
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No known neuromuscular etiology.
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How does a comitant strabismus vary with gaze?
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It does not, the strabismus remains the same regardless of direction of gaze.
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What is the etiology of incomitant strabismus?
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Cranial nn palsy
Thyroid disease Mechanical restriction of involved muscle |
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What happens to an incomitant strabismus with shift in gaze?
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The strabismus is worse when the gaze is in the direction of the involved muscle.
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Name 4 types of strabismus
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Comitant
Incomitant Esotropia/ Exotropia Hypertropia/ Hypotropia |
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A 2 month old baby with CC of esotropia is brought in, most likely has amblyopia. There is no known neuromuscular etiology. What is the etiology?
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Congenital (Infantile)
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A 2 month old baby with CC of esotropia is brought in, most likely has amblyopia. There is no known neuromuscular etiology. How would you treat this?
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First treat amblyopia - Patch good eye.
Treat the bad eye: glasses if refractive or surgery. Definitive treatment is: Surgery, preferably before 6 months if caught at birth. Rarely succesful after age 8 |
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A 2 year old boy, CC: esotropia. Has poor vision, is far sighted. The vision has gradually got worse. What is the Etiology?
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Accomodative
Patient is hyperopic and to see well, uses excessive accomodation to see well and hence develops esotropia |
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A 2 year old boy, CC: esotropia. Has poor vision, is far sighted. The vision has gradually got worse. How should this be treated?
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Glasses
in 15%, this does not work and they would need to have surgery |
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What kind of comitant strabismus can be seen with sensory loss? Esotropia or Exotropia
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Either Esotropia and Exotropia.
Surgery offered for cosmetic purposes, will not affect vision. Might need to be repeated in 10 yrs. |
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Other than sensory loss, what other etiology is associated with exotropia and how is this treated?
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Idiopathic.
Rx: Eye surgery |
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What Etiologies are seen with incomitant strabismus?
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CN palsy (III, IV and VI)
Thyroid eye disease- Graves Myasthenia Gravis - ptosis Mehanical limitation (Blow out fracture or orbital mass) |
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Patient who has had an aneurysm presents with ptosis, dilated pupil, eye is down and out. What CN palsy are we dealing with here?
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CN 3, only two working muscles Lateral rectus (out) and Superior oblique (down)
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Patient complains of vertical diplopia, which is worse when he looks down. Titling head makes it better. What CN is out?
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CN IV, Superior oblique muscle
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Patient complains of vertical diplopia, which is worse when he looks down. Titling head makes it better. What should be done for him?
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Give prism glasses
If don't help, then surgery |
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Patient complains of vertical diplopia, which is worse when he looks down. Titling head makes it better. What is the treatment option?
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prism glasses, if don't help then do surgery
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Patient presenting with horizontal diplopia and using face turn to eliminate this has problems with what CN?
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CN VI palsy.
Rx: Prism glasses are helpful, if not then do surgery |
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List 3 causes of amblyopia
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Refractive 49%
Strabismus 49% Ocular pathology eg. cataract 2% |
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How is amblyopia corrected/ treated
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Patch the good eye
Correct the cause Success with improving vision rarely seen if caught after 8 years old. |
