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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aphakia
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absence of the natural lens
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astigmatism
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refractive error in which light rays are spread over a diffuse area rather than sharply focused on the retina, a condition caused by differences in the curvature of the cornea and lens
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binocular vision
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normal ability of both eyes to focus on one object and fuse the two images into one
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blindness
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inability to see, usually defined as corrected visual acuity of 20/400 or less, or a visual field of no more than 20 degrees in the better eye
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chemosis
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edema of the conjunctiva
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cones
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retinal photoreceptor cells essential for visual acuity and color discrimination
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diplopia
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seeing one object as two; double vision
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emmetropia
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absence of refractive error
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enucleation
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complete removal of the eyeball and part of the optic nerve
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evisceration
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removal of the intraocular contents through a corneal or scleral incision; the optic nerve, sclera, extraocular muscles, and sometimes, the cornea are left intact
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exenteration
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surgical removal of the entire contents of the orbit, including the eyeball and lids
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hyperemia
“ |
red eye” resulting from dilation of the vasculature of the conjunctiva
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hyperopia
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farsightedness; a refractive error in which the focus of light rays from a distant object is behind the retina
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hyphema
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blood in the anterior chamber
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hypopyon
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collection of inflammatory cells that has the appearance of a pale layer in the inferior anterior chamber of the eye
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injection
congestion of blood vessels |
congestion of blood vessels
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keratoconus
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cone-shaped deformity of the cornea
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keratopathy, bullous
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corneal edema with painful blisters in the epithelium due to excessive corneal hydration
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limbus
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junction of the cornea and sclera
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miotics
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medications that cause pupillary constriction
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mydriatics
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medications that cause pupillary dilation
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myopia
nearsightedness; a refractive error in which the focus of light rays from a distant object is anterior to the retina |
nearsightedness; a refractive error in which the focus of light rays from a distant object is anterior to the retina
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neovascularization
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growth of abnormal new blood vessels
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nystagmus
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involuntary oscillation of the eyeball
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papilledema
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swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure
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photophobia
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ocular pain on exposure to light
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posterior chamber
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space between the iris and vitreous
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proptosis
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downward displacement of the eyeball resulting from an inflammatory condition of the orbit or a mass within the orbital cavity
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ptosis
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drooping eyelid
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refraction
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determination of the refractive errors of the eye and correction by lenses
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rods
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retinal photoreceptor cells essential for bright and dim light
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scotomas
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blind or partially blind areas in the visual field
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strabismus
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a condition in which there is deviation from perfect ocular alignment
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sympathetic ophthalmia
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an inflammatory condition created in the fellow eye by the affected eye (without useful vision); the condition may become chronic and result in blindness (of the fellow eye)
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trachoma
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a bilateral chronic follicular conjunctivitis of childhood that leads to blindness during adulthood, if left untreated
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vitreous humor
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gelatinous material (transparent and colorless) that fills the eyeball behind the lens
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Note
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Common abbreviations related to vision and eye health are OD (oculus dexter, right eye), OS (oculus sinister, left eye), and OU (oculus uterque, both eyes).
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acute otitis media
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inflammation in the middle ear lasting less than 6 weeks
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cholesteatoma
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tumor of the middle ear or mastoid, or both, that can destroy structures of the temporal bone
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chronic otitis media
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repeated episodes of acute otitis media causing irreversible tissue damage and persistent tympanic membrane perforation
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conductive hearing loss
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loss of hearing in which efficient sound transmission to the inner ear is interrupted by some obstruction or disease process
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endolymphatic hydrops
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dilation of the endolymphatic space of the inner ear; the pathologic correlate of Ménière's disease
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exostoses
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small, hard, bony protrusions in the lower posterior bony portion of the ear canal
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hearing loss
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dysfunction of any component of the auditory system (conductive hearing loss; sensorineural hearing loss; mixed hearing
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labyrinthitis
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inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner ear
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Ménière's disease
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condition of the inner ear characterized by a triad of symptoms: episodic vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss
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middle ear effusion
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fluid in the middle ear without evidence of infection
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myringotomy (ie, tympanotomy)
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incision in the tympanic membrane
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nystagmus
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involuntary rhythmic eye movement
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ossiculoplasty
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surgical reconstruction of the middle ear bones to restore hearing
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otalgia
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sensation of fullness or pain in the ear
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otitis externa (ie, external otitis)
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inflammation of the external auditory canal
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otorrhea
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drainage from the ear
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otosclerosis
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a condition characterized by abnormal spongy bone formation around the stapes
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presbycusis
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progressive hearing loss associated with aging
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rhinorrhea
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drainage from the nose
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sensorineural hearing loss
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loss of hearing related to damage of the end organ for hearing or cranial nerve VIII, or both
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tinnitus
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subjective perception of sound with internal origin; unwanted noises in the head or ear
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tympanoplasty
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surgical repair of the tympanic membrane
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vertigo
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illusion of movement in which the individual or the surroundings are sensed as moving
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amblyopis
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Lazy eye, disorder of the visual system that is characterized by poor or indistinct vision in an eye that is otherwise physically normal or out of porportion to associated structural abnormalities
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Strabismus
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is a cond in which the eyes are not properly aligned with eachother
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iris
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resp for eye color, dilates and constricts the pupil to allowmore or less light into the eye.
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Pupil
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Dark opening in the center of the iris. Controld how much light enets the eye.
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Sclera
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white of the eye. Helps maintain shape of the eyeball and protects the intraocular contents from trauma
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Conjunctiva
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mucous membrane providing barrier to the external environment and nourishes the eye
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Cornea
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primary focussing elelemt of the eye.
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retina
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membrane lining the back of the eye that contains photo receptors.
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Optic Disk
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the position in the back of the eye where the nerve enters the eye
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Macula
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the part of the retina which is most sensitive and is responsible for the central vision
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Tonometry
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Measured IOP
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Perimetry testing
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evaluated feild of vision
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Glaucoma
Def |
A group of ocular disorders in which damage to the optic nerve is related to increased IOP caused by congestion of the aqueous humor
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Glaucoma
S/s |
At first non, side vision fails, feild of vision narrows
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Cataracts
s/s |
painless blurry vision, sensitivity to glare, reduced visual acuity,
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Retinal Detachment
s/s |
sensation of a shade or curtain coming across the vision of one eye, bright flashung lights, and sidden onset of floaters
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Macualr degeneration
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slow breakdown of the layers of the retina with appearence of drusen
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