Viruses And Bacteria

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virus

Back 1

tiny particle that contains hereditary material (DNA)

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host

Back 2

organism in which another organism lives

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parasite

Back 3

organism that feeds on other living organisms

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nanometer

Back 4

one-billionth of a meter

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bacteriophage

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a virus that infects bacteria

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moneran

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unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that are either autotrophs or heterotrophs - bacteria

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hereditary material

Back 7

made of DNA and controls the production of new viruses

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vaccine

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a vaccine stimulates the body to produce antibodies, it is made from weakened of disabled virus

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bacterium

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unicellular microorganism that is prokaryotic

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prokaryotic

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a cell that does not contain a nucleus or other basic cell organelles

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cyanobacteria

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also called blue-green algae, these bacteria are autotrophic and form the base of the food chain in some environments

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flagellum

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long thin whiplike sturcture that propels and organism

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coccus

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spherical or round shaped bacterium - plural is cocci

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bacillus

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rod shaped bacterium - plural is bacilli

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spirillum

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spiral shaped bacterium - plural is spirilla

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symbiosis

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relationship in which an organism lives on, near, or in another organism

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nitrogen-fixing bacteria

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bacteria that turn nitrogen gas, which plants can't use, into nitrogen compounds such as nitrates that plants can use

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pasteurization

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the heating of a food to a temperature below boiling that kills most bacteria and then quickly cooling it down

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methane

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natural gas produced by bacteria as they break down garbage or sewage

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antibiotics

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chemicals that destroy or weaken disease causing bacteria, penicillin is a common antibiotic

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antibody

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protein produced by the body's immune system that stops a virus from reproducing in a cell

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bacteriologist

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a scientist who identifies unknown microorganisms, devises methods to combat the harmful bacteria, and studies disease causing bacteria

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active virus

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a virus that enters a cell and starts making new viruses immediately

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latent virus

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a hidden virus that enters a cell and does not immediately begin producing new viruses, it may be inactive for years

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Edward Jenner

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he developed the first vaccine, it was a vaccine for smallpox developed in 1796

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Dimitri Iwanoski

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he isolated the first virus in 1892, tobacco mosaic virus

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Leeuwenhoek

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the first person to see a bacterium in the late 1600's

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aerobic bacteria

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bacteria that use oxygen during the process of respiration

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anaerobic bacteria

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bacteria that do not use oxygen during the process of respiration

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autotroph

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an organism that uses photosynthesis to make its own food

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heterotroph

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an organism that does not make its own food, it must find it

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saprophyte

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an organism that feeds on dead organic material

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mutualism

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a form of symbiosis where both organisms benefit from the relationship

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fission

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bacteria reproduction where a bacterium cell divides into two new cells

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petri dish

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a round dish with a lid used for culturing bacteria

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agar

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a medium made of ground up red algae use to culture bacteria, usually poured into a petri dish

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biotechnology

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the use of living organisms usually bacteria to solve practical problems