Viruses And Bacteria

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Virus

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An infection or disease caused by such an agent.

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Bacteriophage

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A virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it.

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Lytic

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Of, relating to, or causing lysis.

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Lysogenetic

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of or relating to lysogeny

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Prophage

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The genetic material of a bacteriophage, incorporated into the genome of a bacterium and able to produce phages if specifically activated.

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Retrovirus

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Any RNA virus that inserts a DNA copy of its genome into the host cell in order to replicate, e.g., HIV.

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Parasite

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An organism that lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host's expense.

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Prokaryote

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1. A microscopic single-celled organism, including the bacteria and cyanobacteria, that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles

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Bacterium

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A member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms lacking organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.

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Methanogen

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A methane-producing bacterium.

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Bacillus

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A disease-causing bacterium. A rod-shaped bacterium.

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Coccus

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Any spherical or roughly spherical bacterium.

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Spirillum

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A bacterium (genus Spirillum) with a rigid spiral structure, found in stagnant water and sometimes causing disease.

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Phototrophic

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(of an organism) Obtaining energy from sunlight to synthesize organic compounds for nutrition.

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Chemotrophic

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Chemotrophs are organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments. These molecules can be organic (organotrophs) or inorganic (lithotrophs)

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Obligate

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Bind or compel (someone), esp. legally or morally.

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Aerobe

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A microorganism that grows in the presence of air or requires oxygen for growth.

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Anaerobe

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An organism that grows without air, or requires oxygen-free conditions to live

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Toxin

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An antigenic poison or venom of plant or animal origin, esp. one produced by or derived from microorganisms and causing disease when present at low concentration in the body

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Facultative

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Capable of but not restricted to a particular function or mode of life: "a facultative parasite".

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Binary Fission

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Binary fission, or prokaryotic fission, is the form of asexual reproduction and cell division used by all prokaryotes,

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Conjugation

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The formation or existence of a link or connection between things, in particular.

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Endospore

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A resistant asexual spore that develops inside some bacteria cells.

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Symbiosis

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Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.

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Endosymbiosis

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Symbiosis in which one of the symbiotic organisms lives inside the other.

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Mutualism

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The doctrine that mutual dependence is necessary to social well-being.

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Commensalisms

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n ecology, commensalism is a class of relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits but the other is unaffected

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Parasitism

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the relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it

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Saprophyte

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A plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter.

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Nitrogen Fixation

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The chemical processes by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds, esp. by certain microorganisms as part of

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Pathogen

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A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

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Antibiotic

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A medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.

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Flagellum

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A slender threadlike structure, esp. a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc., to swim.

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Cilia

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A short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Cilia occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing...

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Pasteurization

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partial sterilization of foods at a temperature that destroys harmful microorganisms without major changes in the chemistry of the food.

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Sterilization

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the act of making an organism barren or infertile (unable to reproduce).