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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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7 classes of HIV inhibitors:
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1. Nucleoside I/H of reverse transcriptase
2. Nonnucleoside I/H of reverse transcriptase 3. Nucleotide I/H of Reverse Transcriptase 4. Integrase I/H 5. Protease I/H 6. Attachment I/H 7. Cell Fusion I/H |
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5 general mechanisms of antivirals and sites of action
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1) I/H Penetration, Attachment, Fusion & Uncoating
2) I/H nucleic acid Synth-alters cellular nucleotide pools, may cause muts-MOST 3) I/H Protease- 4) I/H Neuraminidase-Influenza A & B. Neuraminidase facilitates release of virus from cell. 5) I/H mRNA-synthetic oligonucleotide, prevents X-cription of cytomegalovirus mRNA |
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I/H of attachment fusion & uncoating
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Rimantadine
Amantadine |
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I/H nucleic acid synthesis
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Ribavirin- guanosine analog
Acyclovir Famciclovir Ganciclovir Analogues of nucleosides that prevent DNA chain elongation Foscarnet Zidovudine I/H DNA polymerase & rev. transcriptase |
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Protease I/H
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Saquinavir
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Neuraminidase I/H
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Oseltamivir
Zanamivir |
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3 viruses causing slow infections
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1. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
2. JC virus-progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy 3. Lentiviruses-generalized infection in animals |
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Prion diseases
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Kuru
Creuzfeldt-Jakob Scrapie (animals) |
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Oncogenic DNA viruses
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Transform non-permissive cells
Papillomaviruses Adenoviruses HBV EBV molluscum contagiosum JC BK HSV-2 |
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Oncogenic RNA viruses
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Type B viruses
Type C viruses HTLV-1 & -2 |
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Mechanisms of oncogenic viruses
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1. Tyrosine protein kinase
2. Guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins 3. Chromatin-binding proteins 4. Cell surface receptors 5. Cell growth factors |
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Non-enveloped DNA viruses
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Single-strand:
Parvoviruses Dbl-strand linear: Adenoviruses Dbl-strand circular: Papillomaviruses Polymaviruses -BK -JC |
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Enveloped DNA viruses
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Dbl-stranded, linear:
Herpesviruses -Herpes simplex -Varicella Zoster -Epstein Barr -Cytomegalovirus Poxiviruses -Smallpox -Molluscam Contagiosum Dbl-Stranded, Circular: Hepadnaviruses -Hepatitis B |
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Non-enveloped RNA viruses
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Single Strand (+)
Calicviruses -Hepatitis E -Norwalk Picornaviruses -Coxsakie -Echoviruses -Enteroviruses -Hepatitis A -Poliovirus -Rhinovirus Double-Stranded Reoviruses -Colorado tick fever Rotaviruses |
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Enveloped RNA Viruses, Single Strand (+)
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Togavirus
-Eastern equine encephalitis -Western equine encephalitis -Rubella Flaviviruses -Dengue -Hepatitis C -Yellow Fever -West Nile Coronaviruses |
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Enveloped RNA Viruses, Single Strand (-)
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Linear:
Rhabdoviruses -Rabies Paramyxoviruses -Mumps -Measles -Parainfluenza -Respiratory Syncytial Segmented: Arenaviruses -Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Bunyaviruses -Hantavirus Orthomyxoviruses -Influenza |
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Enveloped RNA Viruses, Diploid (+) Retrovirus
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Lentiviruses
-HIV Oncoviruses -Human T Lymphotrophic |
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Viruses of the cardiovascular system
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Coxsackie B
Dengue |
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Viruses of the CNS
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Herpes simplex
Varicella-zoster Polio/enteroviruses West Nile arthropod-borne viruses measles mumps |
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Viruses of the eye
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Herpes simplex
adenovirus |
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Viruses of the gastrointestinal system
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caliciviruses
adenoviruses rotaviruses |
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Viruses of the liver
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Hepatitis viruses
yellow fever |
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Viruses of the respiratory tract
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Influenza
Parainfluenza Respiratory syncytial adenovirus cytomegalovirus Epstein-Barr rhinoviruses hantavirus |
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Viruses of the salivary glands
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Epstein-Barr
cytomegalovirus mumps |
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Viruses of the skin/mucous membranes
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Herpes simplex
Varicella-zoster Papilloma Parvovirus Measles Rubella |
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Systemic infections
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Retroviruses
Cytomegalovirus Enteroviruses Measles Rubella |
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Six methods of diagnosing fungal infections
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1. Microscopic Examination
2. Histologic Staining 3. DNA Probes 4. Cultures 5. Fungal Antigen Detection 6. Serologic testing |
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Six major antifungals
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1. Polyenes-bind ergosterol (cholesterol analog)
2. 5-fluorocytosine-disrupts DNA, RNA, protein synthesis 3. Imidazoles-I/H ergosterol synth 4. Triazoles-similar to imidazoles 5. Echinocandins-I/H glucan synth (weaken cell wall) 6. Topicals |
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Four types of protozoa involved in disease
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1. Amebas-entamoeba, acanthamoeba, naegleria
2. Flagellates-giardia, trichomonas, trypanosoma 3. Cilates-Balantidium coli 4. Apicomplexa-plasmodium (malaria), toxoplasma, pneumocystis |
