Viruses

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measles

Back 1

Paramyxoviridae
(-) ssRNA not segmented
Helical nucleocapsid
H, P, F, L, M, Only one serotype
Enveloped
The receptor is CD46 on all nucleated cells and SLAM ( CD150) on T and B cells
Respiratory droplets
Epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract

Front 2

Mumps

Back 2

Paramyxoviridae
(-) ssRNA not segmented
Helical nucleocapsid
NP, P & L, M, F, HN
Pleomorphic envelope
Primarily parotitis
Non-lytic (Buds)
Respiratory droplets

Front 3

Rubella

Back 3

Togaviridae Genus: Rubivirus
(+)ss RNA
Icosahedral (T=4)
H, C (capsid) , E1, E2, E3 (glycoprotein spikes)
Enveloped *

Front 4

coxsackie A

Back 4

Family: Picornaviridae
Structure: Icosahedral
Genome: (+) RNA
Receptor for Coxsackie and Echovirus: CD55
Primary Target/host cells: Lymphoid tissue
Diseases: Herpangina
Hand Foot and mouth disease
Interaction with the host:
Transmission Fecal – oral route
Host cell range Oropharynx epithelium ( replication)
Skin following a secondary viremia

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parvovirus - B19

Back 5

Parvoviridae
ssDNA ( + or -)
Icosahedral ( 60 capsomers) 20 nm
Non-Enveloped
Fifths disease or Acute aseptic arthritis in adults
Lytic infection
Respiratory route
Erythroid precursor cells
Receptor: Erythrocyte P antigen

Front 6

Varicella-Zoster ( HHV-3

Back 6

Herpesviridae, Alphahepesvirinae
A huge, linear double stranded DNA
Icosahedral ( T=16) 100 nm “ Big”

Enveloped
Chickenpox and Shingles
Budding through membrane
Respiratory route
Respiratory cells
Lymph nodes
Endothelial cells
Skin epithelium

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Herpesvirus HHV-6 and HHV-7

Back 7

Herpesviridae; Betaherpesvirinae
Double stranded DNA
Icosahedral
Enveloped
Roseola infantum
Budding ; Latency in T cells and ?
Reactivation in immunocompromised
Though Saliva
Lymphocytes, epithelial cells, salivary gland and neurons

Front 8

plasmodium vivax

Back 8

alternate day fevers

Front 9

plasmodium malariae, p. ovale

Back 9

every third day fever

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borrelia species

Back 10

relapsing 3-6 day fever at 1 week intervals

Front 11

bartonella quintana, b bacilliformis, b henselae

Back 11

5 day fever (trench fever)

Front 12

brucellosis

Back 12

continous "undulating fever"

Front 13

epstein barr virus

Back 13

mononucleosis; chronic/cyclic disease with fever

Front 14

malaria

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Plasmodium spp
Type of Organism: Protozoan
Two hosts are required
The life cycle
Identification by blood smears
The signs and symptoms of the disease:
Vague influenza-like symptoms with headache, muscle pains, photophobia, anorexia, nausea and vomiting.
As the disease progresses the patient begins to have a typical pattern of chills, fever, sweating & malarial rigors that appear periodically.

Front 15

Order: Spirochaetales

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Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira
Morphology:
Coiled, gram – negative
Periplasmic flagella
Linear Chromosome and Plasmids
Microaerophilic and very fastidious

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Borrelia

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Diseases: Lyme disease and Relapsing fever
Difficult to Diagnosis:
Difficult to cultivate because of the strict nutrient requirements and slow growth ( divides every 6-8 hrs)
Relapsing fever: microscopy not serology (antigenic variation
Lyme Disease: serology or PCR not microscopy
Symptoms are variable and non-specific
Arthropod vectors (ticks and lice)
History is very important for diagnosis

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epidemic

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louse - b recurrentis

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endemic

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tick - B hermsii

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Lyme Disease: Borrelia burgdorferi

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Localized infection
Erythemia migrans rash ( 3 to 32 days after bite) + Flu-like symptoms
Disseminated disease
Symptoms: arthritis, arthralgia, cardiac complications, neurological
Chronic symptoms
Difficulties in the identification of B. burgdorferi

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Rickettsia, Ehrlichia & Coxiella

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Obligate, intracellular, aerobic, gram negative rods. ( LPS has weak endotoxin)
Gram stain poorly due to low peptidoglycan and because are intracellular.
All are intracellular parasites.
Vaccine development is difficult for intracellular bacterial pathogens

Front 21

rocky mountain spotted fever

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Organism: Rickettsia rickettsii
Found in the western hemisphere
Tick borne: American dog Tick
Hosts: Small mammals, dogs, rabbits, birds
Symptoms: High fever and headache can also be associated with malaise, muscle aches nausea, macular rash on ankles and wrists.
Can become dormant for years and/ or relapse
10-25% fatal without treatment.

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Ehrlichia chaffeinsis

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Disease: Ehrlichiosis ranges from asymptomatic to fatal
Flu like illness, high fever, head-ache malaise and myalgias
Rash occurs in 3-40% cases
Hosts: Humans and deer
Vector Organism: Transmission by Lone star Ticks
Highest incidence in people who are 60+
Incidence appears to be increasing (CDC

Front 23

Q-fever

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Coxiella burnetii
Animal reservoir: Cattle, Sheep and goats
Transmission: Inhalation of barnyard dust with dried urine, feces, placenta and other birth products
Signs and Symptoms
Acute Q fever
Chronic Q fever
Detection
Who is at risk?
Those with underlying heart value disease
Vaccine?
Bioterrorism

Front 24

brucella

Back 24

Brucella spp
Morphology: coccobacilli, non-encapsulated, non-motile
Cell Wall: gram negative
Serotypes: A antigen or M antigen
Smooth and Rough forms
Metabolism:
aerobic, fastidious, slow growing, non-carbohydrate fermenters
Intracellular parasites
Distribution: World wide but highest number of cases in the US are residents of Mexico living in CA and TX.

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Bartonella

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Species: B. bacilliformis, B. quintana, B. henselae
Morphology: short, gram-negative, aerobic rods
Metabolism: fastidious
Animal reservoir depends on the species
Transmission:
B. bacilliformis sandflies
B. quintana Lice
B. henselae Fleas
Diseases: Trench fever, Cat-scratch