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38 Cards in this Set

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What are the 6 major respiratory viruses?
1. Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV)

2. Parainfluenza Virus

3. Adenovirus

4. Rhinovirus

5. Coronavirus

6. Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)
What is the pathology common to all respiratory viruses?
- Innoculation in upper respiratory tract

- Replication in epithelia

- Damage ciliated cells, reduce clearance and phagocytic function

- CYTOTOXIC T CELL response important

- Can cause "cytokine storm" or bacterial superinfection
What is the single most important respiratory disease in infancy?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
What are the 6 major respiratory viruses?
1. Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV)

2. Parainfluenza Virus

3. Adenovirus

4. Rhinovirus

5. Coronavirus

6. Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)
What are the 6 major respiratory viruses?
1. Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV)

2. Parainfluenza Virus

3. Adenovirus

4. Rhinovirus

5. Coronavirus

6. Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)
What are the cellular characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
- paramyxovirus (family name derived from ability to fuse cells together)

- enveloped

- ssRNA

- 2 subgroups: A and B
What are the functions of the G and F proteins on Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
G Protein: Helps attach to host cell

F Protein: Fuses membrane of virus and host cell together. Also mediates syncytium formation
What the pathology common to all respiratory viruses?

What immune cell type is important for response?
- Innoculation in upper respiratory tract

- Replication in epithelia

- Damage ciliated cells, reduce clearance and phagocytic function

- CYTOTOXIC T CELL response important

- Can cause "cytokine storm" or bacterial superinfection
What the pathology common to all respiratory viruses?
- Innoculation in upper respiratory tract

- Replication in epithelia

- Damage ciliated cells, reduce clearance and phagocytic function

- CYTOTOXIC T CELL response important

- Can cause "cytokine storm" or bacterial superinfection
What is the single most important respiratory disease in infancy?

(most common cause of bronchioltitis and pneumonia in infants and young children)
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
What is the single most important respiratory disease in infancy?

(most common cause of bronchioltitis and pneumonia in infants and young children)
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
What are the cellular characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
- paramyxovirus (family name derived from ability to fuse cells together)

- enveloped

- ssRNA

- 2 subgroups: A and B
What are the cellular characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?

Subgroups?
- paramyxovirus (family name derived from ability to fuse cells together)

- enveloped

- ssRNA

- 2 subgroups: A and B
What are the functions of the G and F proteins on Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
G Protein: Helps attach to host cell

F Protein: Fuses membrane of virus and host cell together. Also mediates syncytium formation
What are the functions of the G and F proteins on Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
G Protein: Helps attach to host cell

F Protein: Fuses membrane of virus and host cell together. Also mediates syncytium formation
What is the usual pattern of activity for respiratory viruses?
Seasonal: Higher prevalence in the winter months than in the summer months
In what 3 types of patients does Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) cause serious illness?
1. Children

2. Elderly

3. Immunocompromised
What virus can cause Bronchiolitis, pneumonia, hyperexpansion of lungs, otitis, and hypercapnia (carbon dioxide retention)?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
What is the treatment for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?

Vaccine?
- Usually just supportive

- Aerosolized ribavirin for high risk infants

- Also, palivizumab (Synavis), humanized monoclonal antibody for high risk patients

- No vaccine
What are the cellular characteristics of parainfluenza virus?

How many serotypes?
- paramyxovirus

- enveloped

- -ssRNA

- nucleocapsid

- Serotypes 1-4
How is parainfluenza virus similar the the influenza virus?

Different?
Similiar: Possess HA and NA

Different: RNA synthesis occurs in cytoplasm rather than nucleus and RNA genome is not segmented
What do type 1&2 serotypes of parainfluenza virus cause?

Age? Season?
- Croup in the autumn in children
What does type 3 serotype of parainfluenza virus cause?
Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia in infants (<6mo) year round
What does type 4 serotype of parainfluenza virus cause?
Mild URI in children year round
What is the treatment for parainfluenza virus?
Ribavirin
What are the cellular characteristics of adenovirus?

How many serotypes?
- Adenovirus

- Non-enveloped

- dsDNA (ONLY respiratory DNA virus)

- 51 serotypes in subgroups A-F that affect humans
What Adenovirus type has recently emerged that causes severe pneumonia and death in civilian and military communities?
Adenovirus Type 14
How is Adenovirus spread?
Non-enveloped

Respiratory AND Fecal routes
What are 5 common symptoms/diseases caused by Adenovirus?
1. Pharyngoconjunctival Fever (pink eye)

2. Pertussis-like syndrome

3. Bronchiolitis

4. Pneumonia

5. Gastroenteritis
What are the cellular characteristics of Rhinovirus?

How many serotypes?
- picornavirus

- nonenveloped

- +ssRNA

- 103 serotypes
What virus causes the "common cold"?
Rhinovirus

BUT can also cause more severe disease
What are the cellular characteristics of the Coronovirus?

How many serotypes?
- enveloped

- +ssRNA

- SPIKES (appearance of "corona")

- 15 known serotypes in man
What are the diseases/symptoms caused by the Coronavirus?
- 10-30% of common colds
For what 3 respiratory viruses is there no treatment?
1. Rhinovirus

2. Coronavirus

3. Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)
What are the cellular characteristics of Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)?

How many genotypes?
- paramyxovirus

- enveloped

- -ssRNA

- 4 genotypes
What are the symptoms of Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)?

How many children are infected?
- Severe bronchiolitis

- Pneumonia

- SIDS

ALL children infected by age 5-10
Are rapid antigen tests useful diagnostic tools for RV's?
No, they are not

If you use them, you are stupid
How can RV's be diagnosed?
1. Viral culture (gold standard, but timely)

2. Detection of nucleic acids

3. Clinical and Epidemiological settings

4. Serology