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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 6 major respiratory viruses?
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1. Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV)
2. Parainfluenza Virus 3. Adenovirus 4. Rhinovirus 5. Coronavirus 6. Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) |
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What is the pathology common to all respiratory viruses?
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- Innoculation in upper respiratory tract
- Replication in epithelia - Damage ciliated cells, reduce clearance and phagocytic function - CYTOTOXIC T CELL response important - Can cause "cytokine storm" or bacterial superinfection |
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What is the single most important respiratory disease in infancy?
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
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What are the 6 major respiratory viruses?
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1. Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV)
2. Parainfluenza Virus 3. Adenovirus 4. Rhinovirus 5. Coronavirus 6. Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) |
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What are the 6 major respiratory viruses?
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1. Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV)
2. Parainfluenza Virus 3. Adenovirus 4. Rhinovirus 5. Coronavirus 6. Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) |
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What are the cellular characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
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- paramyxovirus (family name derived from ability to fuse cells together)
- enveloped - ssRNA - 2 subgroups: A and B |
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What are the functions of the G and F proteins on Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
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G Protein: Helps attach to host cell
F Protein: Fuses membrane of virus and host cell together. Also mediates syncytium formation |
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What the pathology common to all respiratory viruses?
What immune cell type is important for response? |
- Innoculation in upper respiratory tract
- Replication in epithelia - Damage ciliated cells, reduce clearance and phagocytic function - CYTOTOXIC T CELL response important - Can cause "cytokine storm" or bacterial superinfection |
|
What the pathology common to all respiratory viruses?
|
- Innoculation in upper respiratory tract
- Replication in epithelia - Damage ciliated cells, reduce clearance and phagocytic function - CYTOTOXIC T CELL response important - Can cause "cytokine storm" or bacterial superinfection |
|
What is the single most important respiratory disease in infancy?
(most common cause of bronchioltitis and pneumonia in infants and young children) |
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
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What is the single most important respiratory disease in infancy?
(most common cause of bronchioltitis and pneumonia in infants and young children) |
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
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What are the cellular characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
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- paramyxovirus (family name derived from ability to fuse cells together)
- enveloped - ssRNA - 2 subgroups: A and B |
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What are the cellular characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
Subgroups? |
- paramyxovirus (family name derived from ability to fuse cells together)
- enveloped - ssRNA - 2 subgroups: A and B |
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What are the functions of the G and F proteins on Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
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G Protein: Helps attach to host cell
F Protein: Fuses membrane of virus and host cell together. Also mediates syncytium formation |
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What are the functions of the G and F proteins on Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
|
G Protein: Helps attach to host cell
F Protein: Fuses membrane of virus and host cell together. Also mediates syncytium formation |
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What is the usual pattern of activity for respiratory viruses?
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Seasonal: Higher prevalence in the winter months than in the summer months
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In what 3 types of patients does Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) cause serious illness?
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1. Children
2. Elderly 3. Immunocompromised |
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What virus can cause Bronchiolitis, pneumonia, hyperexpansion of lungs, otitis, and hypercapnia (carbon dioxide retention)?
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
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What is the treatment for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
Vaccine? |
- Usually just supportive
- Aerosolized ribavirin for high risk infants - Also, palivizumab (Synavis), humanized monoclonal antibody for high risk patients - No vaccine |
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What are the cellular characteristics of parainfluenza virus?
How many serotypes? |
- paramyxovirus
- enveloped - -ssRNA - nucleocapsid - Serotypes 1-4 |
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How is parainfluenza virus similar the the influenza virus?
Different? |
Similiar: Possess HA and NA
Different: RNA synthesis occurs in cytoplasm rather than nucleus and RNA genome is not segmented |
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What do type 1&2 serotypes of parainfluenza virus cause?
Age? Season? |
- Croup in the autumn in children
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What does type 3 serotype of parainfluenza virus cause?
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Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia in infants (<6mo) year round
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What does type 4 serotype of parainfluenza virus cause?
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Mild URI in children year round
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What is the treatment for parainfluenza virus?
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Ribavirin
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What are the cellular characteristics of adenovirus?
How many serotypes? |
- Adenovirus
- Non-enveloped - dsDNA (ONLY respiratory DNA virus) - 51 serotypes in subgroups A-F that affect humans |
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What Adenovirus type has recently emerged that causes severe pneumonia and death in civilian and military communities?
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Adenovirus Type 14
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How is Adenovirus spread?
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Non-enveloped
Respiratory AND Fecal routes |
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What are 5 common symptoms/diseases caused by Adenovirus?
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1. Pharyngoconjunctival Fever (pink eye)
2. Pertussis-like syndrome 3. Bronchiolitis 4. Pneumonia 5. Gastroenteritis |
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What are the cellular characteristics of Rhinovirus?
How many serotypes? |
- picornavirus
- nonenveloped - +ssRNA - 103 serotypes |
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What virus causes the "common cold"?
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Rhinovirus
BUT can also cause more severe disease |
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What are the cellular characteristics of the Coronovirus?
How many serotypes? |
- enveloped
- +ssRNA - SPIKES (appearance of "corona") - 15 known serotypes in man |
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What are the diseases/symptoms caused by the Coronavirus?
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- 10-30% of common colds
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For what 3 respiratory viruses is there no treatment?
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1. Rhinovirus
2. Coronavirus 3. Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) |
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What are the cellular characteristics of Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)?
How many genotypes? |
- paramyxovirus
- enveloped - -ssRNA - 4 genotypes |
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What are the symptoms of Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)?
How many children are infected? |
- Severe bronchiolitis
- Pneumonia - SIDS ALL children infected by age 5-10 |
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Are rapid antigen tests useful diagnostic tools for RV's?
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No, they are not
If you use them, you are stupid |
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How can RV's be diagnosed?
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1. Viral culture (gold standard, but timely)
2. Detection of nucleic acids 3. Clinical and Epidemiological settings 4. Serology |