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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Picornaviridae: characteristics and family members
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very small, very tough
naked, icosahedral capsid (+) ssRNA Enterovirus, Rhinovirus, Heparnavirus, Cardiovirus, Apthovirus |
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Picornaviridae Pathology
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replicate at primary site then spread through Viremia
most infections are asymptotic but contagious |
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Enterovirus (Poliovirus)
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Family: Picornaviridae
Morphology: (+)ssRNA, icosahedral Vector: fecal-oral Disease: asymptomatic, abortive, paralytic Lab: increase lymph in CSF, no neutrophils Target: SC, DRG, brain Treatment: IPV or OPV vaccine, Pleconaril (block penetration) |
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What are the types of infection of Polio?
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Asymptomatic: most common
Abortive Poliomyelitis: fever, headache Paralytic: asymmetric flaccid paralysis, no sensory loss Non-Paralytic: infection of CNS, meninges, back pain and spasm |
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Enterovirus (Coxsackieveirus A)
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Family: Picornaviridae
Morphology: (+)ssRNA, icosahedral Vector: fecal-oral Disease: vesicular lesions (hand/foot, encephalitis, common cold, meningitis) Lab: low neutrophils in CSF, 4X IgG Target: URS, other Treatment: Good Hygiene, Pleconaril early (block penetration) |
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Enterovirus (Coxsackieveirus B)
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Family: Picornaviridae
Morphology: (+)ssRNA, icosahedral Vector: fecal-oral Disease: encephalitis, common cold, pleurodynia, meningitis Lab: low neutrophils in CSF, 4X IgG Target: URS, other Treatment: Good Hygiene, Pleconaril early (block penetration) |
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Enterovirus (Echovirus)
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Family: Picornaviridae
Morphology: (+)ssRNA, icosahedral Vector: fecal-oral Disease: encephalitis, common cold, meningitis Lab: low neutrophils in CSF, 4X IgG Target: URS, other Treatment: Good Hygiene, Pleconaril early (block penetration) |
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Rhinovirus
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Family: Picornaviridae
Morphology: (+)ssRNA, icosahedral (acid labile) Vector: Droplets, fomites, aerosol Disease: #1 common cold Lab: clinical diagnosis Target: URS Treatment: Good Hygiene, support for symptoms |
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What is the major difference b/t Rhinovirus and Enterovirus?
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Rhinovirus is acid labile, symptoms from Interferons
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Caliciviridae Characteristics and Pathology
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very small, tough
(+) ssRNA differing capsid structure (ragged outline, indentions) target brush border epithelium of intestine Cause Gastroenteritis |
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Norwalk-like Virus
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Family: Caliciviridae
Morphology: (+)ssRNA, icosahedral Vector: Fecal-oral Disease: Gastroenteritis (vomit, diarrhea(not bloody)) Lab: Serology, rtPCR Target: Intestine brush border epithelial cells Treatment: Good Hygiene, support for symptoms |
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Coronoaviridae Characteristics and Pathology
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enveloped, helical (+) ssRNA
"corona" shape from glycoprotein projections Largest RNA virus Coronavirus: common cold, gastroenteritis SARS |
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Coronavirus
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Family: Coronaviridae
Morphology: (+)ssRNA, helical Vector: Droplets, fomites, aerosol Disease: #2 common cold, gastroenteritis Lab: serology Target: URS, intestine Treatment: Good Hygiene, support for symptoms |
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Orthomyxoviridae Characteristics and Pathology
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Enveloped, spherical or tubular
segmented (-) ssRNA 2 envelope proteins: HA, NA require Sialic Acid to attach Influenza A, B, C Direct (cytolysis of URS) and Indirect (secondary bacterial infection) |
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What are the 2 envelope proteins found on Orthomyxoviridae?
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HA: haemagglutinin, VAP
NA: neuraminidase, involved in egress and dissolving mucous |
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Influenza A
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Family: Orthomyxoviridae
Morphology: (-) ssRNA, segmented (8 segments) Vector: Droplets, fomites, aerosol Disease: #1 viral killer Lab: clinical diagnosis, 4X titre, PCR Target: Respiratory Epi Treatment: Vaccine (live and killed), Amantidine, Rimantidine, Tamiflu |
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Influenza A Genetics
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only Influenza to have NA and HA
segment 4 is HA, 6 is NA redundancy is present (up to 11 segments) undergoes reassortment, antigenic drift |
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Treatments for Influenza A
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Amantidine and Rimantidine: block ion channel of M2, buffer vacuoles
Tamiflu: inhibit Neuraminidase, required for release |
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Paramyxoviridae Characteristics and Pathology
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Enveloped, Helical, Pleomorphic
(-) ssRNA 2 glycoproteins: F-protein, VAP causes cell fusion in respiratory tract to form polykarions Rubeola (measles), Paramyxovirus, Pneumovirus |
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What are the 2 glycoproteins found on Paramyxoviridae?
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F-protein: fusion protein
HN, H or G: VAP |
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Morbillivirus, Rubeola (measles)
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Family: Paramyxoviridae
Morphology: (-)ssRNA, helical, Pleomorphic Vector: aerosols Disease: rash, cough, conjunctivitis, acute rhintis, Koplik's spots Lab: Clinical diagnosis, giant cells Target: RT, Viremia spread to body Treatment: MMR vaccine (live) |
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Secondary Disease of Rubeola (measles)
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Maculopapular Rash: T-cell attack of virus in infected capillaries of the skin
Pneumonia: bacterial infection after measles Encephalitis: demyelination of neurons SSPE: persistant infection in brain |
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Mumps
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Family: Paramyxoviridae
Morphology: (-)ssRNA, helical, Pleomorphic Vector: aerosols Disease: indirect CMI causes swelling, inflammation Lab: Clinical diagnosis (swollen saliva glands), 4X increase IgG Target: RT, Viremia spread to Parotid Gland Treatment: MMR vaccine (live) |
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Parainfluenza
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Family: Paramyxoviridae
Morphology: (-)ssRNA, helical, Pleomorphic Vector: aerosols Disease: common cold, Croup Lab: CPE, PCR, isolate Target: RT, no Viremia spread Treatment: treat symptoms |
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Types of Parainfluenza virus
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Types 1-3: LRT infection in children, Croup
Type 4: URT infection |
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Croup
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child infection of Parainfluenza type 1-3
seal bark tachypnea, tachycardia, cough, sub-glottal swelling treat with nebulizers |
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
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Family: Paramyxoviridae
Morphology: (-)ssRNA, helical, Pleomorphic Vector: aerosols Disease: fatal acute LRT infection in children (cold-like to pneumonia) Lab: IF, Elisa, serology, PCR Target: LRT, direct cell fusion Treatment: Ribararin via nebulizer |
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Reoviridae Characteristics and Pathology
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naked, icosahedral, "double-capsid"
dsRNA very durable Orthoreviruses, Rotaviruses, Orbiviruses, Coltiviruses |
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Rotavirus (wheel)
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Family: Reoviridae
Morphology: dsRNA, double-capside Vector: fecal-oral Disease: gastroenteritis (#1 baby killer in underdeveloped), vomit, diarrhea Lab: virus in stool, ELISA Target: small intestine epi Treatment: electrolyte replacement, rotateq vaccine |
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what is required for rotavirus to become infectious?
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must be partially degraded to create a sub-viral particle (ISVP)
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Coltivirus (Colorado-tick fever)
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Family: Reoviridae
Morphology: dsRNA Vector: arbovirus (arthropod bite) Disease: 2nd infections of hemorrhage, encephalitis, acute Lab: Ag detected in blood smear, serology of IgM Target: erythroid precursor cells Treatment: none, self-limiting |
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Acute infection of Coltivirus
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fever, chills, headache, photophobia, myalgia arthralgia, lethargy
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Rhabdoviridae Characteristics and Pathology
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enveloped, bullet-shaped
(-) ssRNA, helical Rabies virus |
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Rabies
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Family: Rhabdoviridae
Morphology: (-)ssRNA, helical (bullet-shaped) Vector: bite through saliva, feces Disease: encephalitis, neuronal degeneration Lab: MAB, polyclonal Ab Target: DRG, brain Treatment: Postexposure Prophylaxis |
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Arbovirus Characteristics
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transmitted from arthropod bite to vertebrate
primary infection: endo, monocyte, macrophage, liver 2nd Viremia: liver, brain, skin, vasculature |
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Flaviviridae and Togaviridae diseases
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primary infection gives mild, flu-like symptoms due to interferon IR
2nd viremia produces major illness: hepatitis, hmorrhagic fever, viral meningitis |
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Flaviviridae Characteristics and Pathology
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enveloped, differing capsid structure
(+) ssRNA buds at Internal Membrane |
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Arbovirus Characteristics
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transmitted from arthropod bite to vertebrate
primary infection: endo, monocyte, macrophage, liver 2nd Viremia: liver, brain, skin, vasculature |
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Yellow Fever
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Family: Flaviviridae
Morphology: (+)ssRNA, not distinct Vector: arbo Disease: jaundice, black blood/vomit (hemorrhages) Lab: Clinical diagnosis Target: gastrointestinal, liver Treatment: attenuated vaccine (for types 4,7) |
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Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
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Family: Flaviviridae
Morphology: (+)ssRNA, not distinct Vector: arbo Disease: flu-like, hemorrhagic fever/shock syndrome, back/bone pain Lab: Clinical diagnosis Target: liver Treatment: treat symptoms |
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hemorrhagic shock/fever syndrome
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hypersensitivity rxn, internal bleeding, weakened vasculature
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West Nile Virus
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Family: Flaviviridae
Morphology: (+)ssRNA, not distinct Vector: arbo Disease: flu-like, encephalitis Lab: IgM ELISA of CSF Target: endo, macro Treatment: self-limiting |
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Togaviridae Characteristics and Pathology
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Enveloped, Icosahedral
(+) ssRNA bud at Plasma Membrane lytic, persistant |
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Alphavirus
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Family: Togaviridae
Morphology: (+)ssRNA, Icosahedral Vector: arbo Disease: flu-like, encephalitis (2nd) Lab: Clinical diagnosis, serology Target: endo, macro Treatment: Supportive treatment |
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Rubivirus (Rubella)
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Family: Togaviridae
Morphology: (+)ssRNA, Icosahedral Vector: respiratory droplets* Disease: rash, lymphadenopathy, maternal transfer Lab: Serology IgM (4X) Target: URT (1), lymph nodes, skin (2nd) Treatment: MMR |
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congenital effects of Rubella
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cataracts, mental retardation, deafness, heart defects
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Bunyaviridae Characteristics and Pathology
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Enveloped, Spherical
(-) ssRNA, 3 segments (L,M,S) most are arboviruses similar to Tago, Flavi: primary infection is non-specific, leads to 2nd infection types |
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Bunyavirus:
La Crosse virus California Encephalitis virus |
Family: Bunyaviridae
Morphology: (-)ssRNA, 3 segments, spherical Vector: arbo (mosquito) Disease: fever, lethargy, vomit, encephalitis Lab: viral Ag, antiviral IgM Target: Treatment: avoid vector |
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Hantavirus:
Hantaan virus |
Family: Bunyaviridae
Morphology: (-)ssRNA, 3 segments, spherical Vector: Robo (rodent feces) Disease: Pulmonary Syndrome, hemorrhagic fever Lab: viral Ag, antiviral IgM Target: Treatment: avoid vector |
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Pulmonary Syndrome of Hantaan virus
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intially infects and persists in lungs
direct cytolytic damage, causing leaking of RBC through endo leads to pulmonary edema, respiratory failure |
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Arenaviridae Characteristics and Pathology
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Enveloped, pleomorphic
2 circular ssRNA (-) ssRNA, 1 (+/-)ambisense ssRNA persistant infection of macrophage |
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Arenavirus
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Family: Arenaviridae
Morphology: 2 circular, 1 ambisense ssRNA and 1 (-) ssRNA Vector: robo, inhale, contaminated food Disease: flu-like, fever, vomit, diarrhea, hemorrhage (2nd) Lab: recent travel to infected area, containment necessary Target: Macrophage Treatment: avoid vector |
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Herpes Virus A-Infectious Herpes
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Family: Picornaviridae,enterovirus
Morphology: naked, icosahedral, (+) ssRNA Vector: fecal-oral Disease: acute, IS damage to liver; abdominal pain, fatigue, loss of appetite Lab: Serology to detect anti-HAV IgM Target: Liver, IS response Treatment: passive, Good Hygiene |
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Hepatitis E (HEV)
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Family: Calciviridae, norwalk-like
Morphology: naked, icosahedral, (+) ssRNA Vector: fecal-oral Disease: similar to A but slower, IS damage to liver; abdominal pain, fatigue, loss of appetite Lab: Serology to detect anti-HEV IgG Target: Liver, IS response Treatment: passive, Good Hygiene |
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Hepatitis B-Serum Hepatitis
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Family: Hepadnaviridae
Morphology: Enveloped, dsDNA Vector: bodily-fluid transfer Disease: depends on IS, acute/chronic Lab: Serology to detect anti-HBV IgM Target: Liver, IS response Treatment: Interferon a, reverse transcriptase inhibitors; laivudine, Adefovir (HIV drugs), Entecavir, Telbivudine |
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HBV Antigens
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important for diagnosis
Core Ag (HBcAg): surrounds genome and Nucleoprotein Surface Ag (HBsAg): 3 glycoproteins (L,M,S) in envelope, shed by cell Envelope Ag (HBeAg): minor, used in serology |
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HBV Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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HBV responsible for 80% of cases
chronic HBV infection for 10-35 years before Carcinoma develops |
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HBV Genome, transcription characteristics
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DNA virus, but uses RNA replication through reverse transcriptase
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Hepatitis C: non A, B hepatitis
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Family: Flaviviridae
Morphology: enveloped, (+) ssRNA Vector: bodily-fluid, organ transplant Disease: acute/chronic, IS damage to liver; abdominal pain, fatigue, loss of appetite Lab: ELISA serology detection of Ab Target: Liver, IS response Treatment: interferon a w/ Ribavarin |
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Hepatitis G
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Flaviviridae
similar to HCV transfered in blood, chronic |
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Hepatitis D-"delta agent"
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defective, requires HBV as a helper virus
circular ssRNA, enveloped contains HBsAg, which allows attachment/penetration of hepatocytes produces fulminate hep, massive hepatic necrosis high mortality |
