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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA viruses
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"HHAPPPy"
Herpes Hepadnavirus Adenovirus Parvovirus Papillomavirus Polyomavirus Poxvirus |
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Herpesviruses (7)
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HSV-1
HSV-2 VZV EBV CMV HHV-6 HHV-7 |
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Oral (but some genital) lesions
Keratoconjunctivitis |
HSV-1
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Genital (but some oral) lesions
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HSV-2
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Mononucleosis and Burkitt's lymphoma
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EBV
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Infxn in ICH, esp. transplant Pts
Congential defects |
CMV
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Roseola (exanthum subitum)
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HHV-6
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Kaposi sarcoma
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HHV-8
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Hepadnavirus (1)
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Hepatitis B Virus
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HBV
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Acute or chronic hepatitis
Vaccine available Not a retrovirus, but has RT |
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Febrile pharyngitis-Sore throat
Pneumonia Conjunctivitis (pink eye) |
Adenovirus
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Parvovirus
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Parvo B19
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Parvo B19
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"slapped cheeks" and lacy, reticular rash
Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) Hydrops fetalis (congenital) Aplastic crisis in sickle cell |
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"slapped cheeks" rash
Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) Hydrops fetalis Aplastic crisis in sickle cell |
Parvo B19
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What's special about Parvo B19?
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It's the only ssDNA virus
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Warts, CIN, cervical cancer
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HPV
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Polyomavirus (2)
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JC Virus
BK virus |
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JC Virus
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PML in HIV
(progressive multifocal leukonencephalopathy) white matter demyelination--increased MRI enhancement |
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PML in HIV
(progressive multifocal leukonencephalopathy) white matter demyelination--increased MRI enhancement |
JC Virus
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BK virus
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Renal transplant rejection
Hemorrhagic cystitis |
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Renal transplant rejection
Hemorrhagic cystitis |
BK virus
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Poxvirus (3)
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Smallpox
Vaccinia (cow pox) - "milkmaid's blisters" Molluscum contagiosum |
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Molluscum contagiosum
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Umbilicated papular skin lesions
(Peds, ICH) |
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Umbilicated papular skin lesions
(Peds, ICH) |
Molluscum contagiosum (Poxvirus)
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Name the RNA viruses
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Any virus that isn't "HHAPPPPy" (mnemonic for DNA viruses)
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Which DNA virus is the weirdo and why?
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Poxviridae
It's the only one that: is complex, not icosahedral doesn't replicate in nucleus |
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Picornavirus (5)
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"PERCH"
Poliovirus Echovirus Rhinovirus Coxsackievirus Hepatitis A Virus |
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Secondary spread to CNS (anterior horn cells)
flaccid paralysis (RARE) Aseptic meningitis |
Poliovirus
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Poliovirus
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Secondary spread to CNS (anterior horn cells)
flaccid paralysis (RARE) Aseptic meningitis |
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Salk/Sabin vaccines
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Polio
Salk--inactivated vaccine Sabin--live attenuated |
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Enterovirus
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Coxsackie
Echovirus Enterovirus |
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Hand-foot-mouth disease
Cardiac involvement Aseptic meningitis |
Enterovirus
(Coxsackie, Echovirus, Enterovirus) |
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Enterovirus
(Coxsackie, Echovirus, Enterovirus) |
Hand-foot-mouth disease
Cardiac involvement Aseptic meningitis |
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Hepatitis A Virus
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Picornaviridae
Acute Hepatitis |
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Common cold
Lots of serotypes |
Rhinovirus
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Calciviridae (2)
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Norwalk virus
Hepatitis E Virus |
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Gastroenteritis
Cruise ships Food (shellfish) |
Norwalk Virus
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Reovirus (2)
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Reovirus
Rotavirus |
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Colorado tick fever
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Reovirus
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Segmented genome
Gastroenteritis, watery diarrhea 1# cause of fatal diarrhea in peds population |
Rotavirus
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Why is rotavirus so special?
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It is the only dsRNA virus
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Flavivirus (5)
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Hepatitis C Virus
Yellow fever Dengue St. Louis encephalitis West Nile virus |
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Aedes aegypti mosquito
Jaundice, hemorrhagic disease, Councilman bodies in liver, black vomitus Monkey or human reservoir Live attenuated vaccine |
Yellow fever
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Aedes aegypti mosquito
"break bone fever" primary infxn: fever, myalgia secondary infxn: hemorrhagic fever |
Dengue fever
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Mosquitoes and birds
Fever, meningitis, encephalitis |
St. Louis Encephalitis virus
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Mosquitoes and birds
Fever Encephalitis FLACCID PARALYSIS |
West Nile Virus
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Togaviruses (3)
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Rubella (German Measles)
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Western Equine Encephalitis |
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Mild post-natal illness
Congenital: Blueberry muffin rash deafness cataracts PDA MR Respiratory/transplacental transmission |
Rubella
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Birds and mosquitoes
Asx or encephalitis |
Western Equine Encephalitis
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Birds, horses, mosquitoes
Myalgia, fever, encephalitis High mortality if neuro involved |
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
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Retrovirus (2)
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HIV
HTLV |
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T-cell leukemia
myelopathy = tropical spastic parapesis Tropism for CD-4 cells |
HTLV-1
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Coronavirus (2)
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SARS (triphasic)
Non-SARS (common cold) |
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Orthomyxovirus (1)
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Influenza
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fever, HA, myalgia, sore throat
Segmented genome Genetic drift/shift Live attenuated and killed vaccine |
Influenza
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Paramyxoviruses (4)
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"PaRaMyxoviruses"
Parainfluenza RSV Measles (Rubeola) Mumps |
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Croup
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Parainfluenza
(PV1) |
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Parotid gland swelling
Orchitis Respiratory Sx's |
Mumps
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Bronchiolitis/Respiratory Infxns in infants
Synchtial formation Peaks in winter |
RSV
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What do you treat RSV with?
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Ribavarin
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4C's
(Cough, coryza--headcold, conjunctivity, Koplick's spots--tongue) Confluent maculopaular rash Subactute sclerosing panencephalitis Vitamin A |
Measles
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Subactute sclerosing panencephalitis
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Measles
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Vitamin A associated virus?
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Measles
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Rhabdovirus (1)
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Rabies
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Negri bodies
Bullet-shaped virus Ascend to CNS: fatal Bat/raccoon bite: US |
Rabies
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Negri bodies
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Rabies
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Bullet-shaped virus
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Rabies
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What does the location of the Rabies bite tell you about the course of the infxn?
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The closer the bite is to the brain, the quicker the course of the disease.
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Filoviruses (2)
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Marburg
Ebola |
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Fatal Hemorrhagic Fever
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Ebola
Marburg |
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Arenaviruses (2)
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LCV (lymphocytic choriomeningitis)
Lassa |
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Hemorrhagic disease, shock, deafness, encephalitis
Spread by rodents (esp. mice) |
Lassa virus (Arenaviridae)
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Segmented genome
Flu-like illness Aerosolized rodent urine |
LCV (lymphocytic choriomeningitis)
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Bunyaviruses (2)
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California Encephalitis Virus
Hanta Virus |
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Asx or encephalitis
Mosquitoes and forest animals |
California Encephalitis Virus
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Pulmonary syndrome
Rodent droppings get aerosolized SW US region |
Hanta Virus
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Deltavirus
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Hepatitis D Virus
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Must be co-infected with Hep B
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Hepatitis D Virus
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Primary infxn: gingivostomatitis
Secondary infxn: cold sore Herpetic whitlow |
HSV-1 (oral)
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Neonatal HSV Sx's
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SEM
CNS Disseminated |
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Tzank prep
PCR |
HSV Dx
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Atypical lymphocytes
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EBV
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Heterophile (monospot) test +
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EBV
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Lymphoproliferative disease in ICH
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EBV
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Heterophile (monospot) test -
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CMV
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Jaundice
Seizures Microencephaly Intracranial CALCIFICATIONS MR Chorioretinitis Hearing loss |
Congenital CMV
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Retinitis and esophagitis in AIDS
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CMV
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CMV in AIDS: Sx's
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Retinitis and esophagitis
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Vesicles in different stages
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Chicken pox
(Varicella) |
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Vesicles in same stage
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Smallpox
(Poxvirus) |
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Vesicles/lesions on face and trunk
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Chickenpox
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HPV 6-11
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Genital warts
Condyloma accuminata |
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HPV 16, 18, 31, 45
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Cervical cancer
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Condyloma lata vs Condyloma accuminata
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Lata = syphillis
Accuminata = HPV |
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Dx of HIV?
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Elisa then Western Blot
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Live attenuated virus vaccines induce what type of immunity?
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Humoral and Cell-mediated
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Killed virus vaccines induce what type of immunity?
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Humoral
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Live attenuated Viruses (7)
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MMR--Measles, Mumps, Rubella
Sabin (polio) VZV Yellow fever Smallpox |
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Killed Vaccines (4)
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"RIP Always"
Rabies Influenza Polio (Salk) Hepatitis A Virus |
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Recombinant Vaccine (1)
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Hepatitis B
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Recombination
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Exchange of genes b/w 2 chromosomes by crossover
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Reassortment
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When viruses with segmented genomes exchange segments.
Influenza pandemics. |
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Complementation
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When 1 of 2 viruses infect a cell and has a mutation that results in a non-functional protein.
The non-mutated virus "complements" the mutated one by making a functional protein that serves both viruses |
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Phenotype mixing
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Simultaneous infxn of a cell w/ 2 viruses.
Packaging can result in a phenotypically mixed virus. |
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Negative strand viruses (7)
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Use RNA pol to transcribe (-) strand.
"Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication Horribly" Arenavirus Bunyavirus Paramyxovirus Orthomyxovirus Filovirus Rhabdovirus Hepatitis Delta Virus |
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Segmented Viruses (4)
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All are RNA viruses.
"BOAR" Bunyavirus Orthomyxovirus (Influenza) Arenavirus Reovirus |
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HSV Identification
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Tzanck test: smear of opened skin vesicles (HSV-1, HSV-2, VSV)
Intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions "Tzank heavens I do not have herpes!" |
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Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Ag's
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Influenza virus
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Useful drugs for Influenza A and B (2)
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Zanamivir and Oseltamivir
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Which leads to more virulent Influenza Virus: Antigenic Shift or Drift?
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"Sudden Shift is more deadly than graDual Drift"
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Viruses that most commonly infect kids
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Paramyxoviruses
Parainfluenza RSV Measles Mumps |
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Giant cell pneumonia
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Measles (Rubeola)
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Arboviruses
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Transmitted by arthropods (mosquitoes and ticks)
Classic ex's: Dengue Yellow fever |
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Name the hepatitis:
Fecal-oral route. Short incubation. No carriers. |
Hepatitis A (picornavirus)
"A: Asymptomatic, Acute, Alone (no carriers)" |
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Name the hepatitis:
Parenteral, sexual, maternal-fetal transmission. Long incubation. Carriers. Has reverse transcriptase. |
Hepatitis B (hepadnavirus)
"B: Blood borne" |
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Name the hepatitis:
Carried in blood. Long incubation. Carriers. IV Users. |
Hepatitis C (flavivirus)
"C: Chronic, Cirrhosis, Carcinoma, Carriers" |
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Name the hepatitis:
Defective virus, requires HBV. Requires HBsAg as envelope. Carriers. |
Hepatitis D (Delta virus)
"D: Defective, Dependant" |
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Name the hepatitis:
Enterically transmitted. Causes water borne epidemics. Short incubation. High mortality in PREGNANT WOMEN. |
Hepatitis E (Calciviridae)
"E: Enteric, Expectant mom, Epidemic" |
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Which hepatitis viruses are transmitted via the fecal-oral route?
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A and E.
"The VOWELS hit your BOWELS." |
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Name the hepatitis viruses (2):
Chronic active hepatitis Cirrhosis Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
HBV
HCV |
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IgG HAVAb
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Prior infxn.
Protective against reinfection. |
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IgM HAVAb
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Active hepatitis A.
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HBsAg
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Surface Ag on HBV.
Continued presence indicates carrier state. |
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HBsAb
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Ab to HBsAg.
Provides immunity to hepatitis B. |
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HBcAg
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Ag associated with core of HBV
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HBcAb
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Ab to HBcAg.
Positive during window period. Indicator of recent disease. |
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IgG HBcAb
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Chronic HBV disease
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HBeAg
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2nd, different antigenic determinant in HBV core
Indicator of active viral replication and transmissibility. "BEware!" |
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HBeAb
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Ab to HBeAg.
Low transmissibility. |
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LFTs in Alcoholic vs. Viral Hepatitis
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Alcoholic: ALT< AST
Viral: ALT>AST |
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HIV envelope proteins
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gp41 and gp120
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What does the HIV virus bind to on T-cells?
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CXCR4 and CD4
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What does the HIV virus bind to on Macrophages?
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CCR5 and CD4
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CD4+ count required for AIDS diagnosis?
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Less than 200 CD4
HIV+ AIDS indicator conditions CD4/CD8 ratio < 1.5 |
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ELISA/Western blot tests look for what in HIV?
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Antibodies to viral proteins.
Often falsely negative 1-2 months of infection. Often falsely positive initially in babies born to HIV+ moms |
