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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
-virus type -genus |
-type: retrovirus
genus: lentivirus |
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Lentivirus
-general effect |
-cause degenerative (blastopenic) disease
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FIV
-number of different subtypes |
5
-A, B, C, D, E |
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FIV
-subtypes based on |
-genetic diversity within the envelope (env) gene
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FIV
-predominant US subtypes |
-A, B
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FIV
-experimental vaccination |
-poor cross protection between subtypes
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FIV
-main cat demographic |
-6 yr old
-intact males |
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FIV
-pathogenesis |
-bite
-acute infection (2-6 wks) -asymptomatic carrier state with viremia in macrophages and lymphocytes, showing a low viral titer -decrease in CD4/CD8 ratio (T-helper cells/CTLs) -immune deficiency syndrome |
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FIV
-signs of acute infection |
-fever
-neutropenia -Ab reponse -generalized lymphadenopathy -diarrhea |
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FIV
-chronic disease signs from IDS |
-fever of unknown origin
-abscesses -weight loss -ral lesions -otitis externa -secondary infections |
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FIV
-hematological profile |
- > 50% infected cats have leukopenia and nonregenerative anemia anemia
- 1/3 infected cats are hypergammaglobulinemic (chronic inflammatory disease and activation of B cells) |
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FIV
-neuroogical abnormalities |
-vasculitis affecting the blood brain barrier
-delayed pupillary reflex -delayed righting reflex -anisocoria -different sleep pattern -behavioral change |
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FIV
-how to differentiate from Rabies |
-usually don't get a fever with rabies
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FIV
-when is there increased frequency of maliganacy |
-coinfection of FIV and FeLV (lymphoid tumors)
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FIV
-diagnosis |
-IFA (confirmatory)
-Western blot (confirmatory) -ELISA (humoral response, can have 20% false pos) |
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FIV
-what is important to remember about FIV diagnosis |
-maternal antibody will be present in kittens until 12-14 wks
-there are no Ab tests that can differntiate between natural infection and vaccine based titers, so test before vaccination |
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With FIV diagnosis, why do we target Antibody response and not the FIV antigen?
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-very few cells in the lymph nodes are expressing FIV, creating a very low titer that may not be detected
-major difference from FeLV |
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FIV
-prevention |
-vaccination (currently a killed vaccine, but need to give both subtypes because of poor cross protection)
-killed vaccine doesn't provide good long term immunity Main prevention via preventing exposure -confinement, good nutrition, sanitation, minimal stress, maintain vaccinationsTesting |
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FIV
-how could vaccines work better? |
-if retroviruses did not have genetic/phenotypic diversity
-if vaccines activated both viral specific humoral and CMI responses |
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FIV
-prognosis |
-based on stage where it is diagnosed
-many positive cats can live normal lives -not a human health hazard |
