Virology Chapt 3&4

Front 1

mn

Back 1

mn

Front 2

List three methods of Human to Human Infection and give an example of each

Back 2

A. Blood transfusion/injection
- HSV
B. Fecal-oral
- Polio
C. Venereal
- HIV

Front 3

What is a Zoonoses

Back 3

Infection spread from animals

Front 4

Give three examples of Zoonoses

Back 4

1. Biting arthropod vector
2. Vertebrate reservior
3. Vertebrate reservior/arthropod vector

Front 5

Index Case

Back 5

The first person you can trace the virus to

Front 6

T/F:
Respiratory viruses spread very quickly

Back 6

T

Front 7

Describe the Mouse Pox Virus Experiment

Back 7

Infection at day 0; Symptoms don't start until after a week; at that time the virus is already viremia

Front 8

Viremia

Back 8

Prescence of virus in the bloodstream

Front 9

Describe Mouse experiment for Rabies

Back 9

Steps:
1. Virus innoculated, replication in muscle
2. Replication in dorsal ganglion
3. Rapid ascent into spinal chord
4. Infection of spinal chord, brain stem,
5. Descending infection via sensory structures

Front 10

Describe experiment for Mouse Herpes Simplex Experiment

Back 10

Mouse may/may not survive

Front 11

Name some bats

Back 11

Bats are very diverse
-Pallio bat, Western Bat, Red Bat, Little Brown Bat, Townsend's Big Ear Bat, Large flying fox bat

Front 12

How many species of mammals are there; how many are bats?

Back 12

Of the more than 4,600 recognized species of mammals, 1,116 or 25% are bats.

Front 13

Name the two suborders of bats and the # of families in each.

Back 13

A. Megachiroptera
- one single family
B. Microchiroptera
- 17 families

Front 14

Total # of viruses isolated from bats of various species

Back 14

77

Front 15

Name some recently emerged bat borne viruses

Back 15

1. Hendra
2. Menangle
3. Tioman
4. Nipah

Front 16

Manangle Virus
- Where
- What happened

Back 16

Mild illness in ppl. at piggery in New South Wales. Menangle virus isolated from roosting bats near piggery
Paramyxoviridae

Front 17

Tioman Virus

Back 17

Isolated from fruit bats
No disease recognized in humans

Front 18

Nipah Virus

Back 18

Paramyxoviridae
Isolated from fruit bats
(-) ssRNA

Front 19

Hendra Virus
- Where
- What Happened

Back 19

-Sept. 1994
-Queensland, Australia
-Horse trainer, stablehand, and horses became ill
-trainer and 14 horses died
-Samples sent to AAHL
- New virus; Paramyxoviridae

Front 20

Discuss virus maintenance in small populations

Back 20

In small populations, infection can only occur when there is immunogenically insufficient individuals. So the virus has to be able to maintain itself in an infectious state long after the individuals have been infected. Preferred from parent to child

Front 21

T/F:
High mortality rates or severe disease symptoms are selected for

Back 21

FALSE

Front 22

Small polulation characteristics

Back 22

Parent or Elder
- persistent virus infection with episodic shedding
Baby
- mild infection establishing persistence
-Spreading virus to next generation and rarely to other small groups via chance encounters

Front 23

Importance of Large groups

Back 23

In a large population, there will be a large number of susceptible individuals appearing at the same time. This results in local episodic infections.
Persistance not stronly selected for. Ensures that some form of infectious virus is available at all times.

Front 24

Leading infectious killer for ages over five and under five

Back 24

Acute respiratory infections (pneumonia and influenza)

Front 25

Leading infectious killer for ages over five

Back 25

HIV

Front 26

Leading infectious killer for ages under five

Back 26

Diarrheal

Front 27

T/F:
TB kills more people over the age of five than under

Back 27

TRUE;
TB kills far more people over age of five than under.

Front 28

T/F:
Measles is almost selectively killer in ages under five

Back 28

TRUE

Front 29

When does Rubella pass from mother to child

Back 29

During the first trimester

Front 30

What gets determined by cell tropism? What are the classes?

Back 30

The disease.
Localized or Disseminated

Front 31

What is a localized virus and what is an example?

Back 31

Viral infection localized to the site of inoculation; spreads within epithelium and is contained by tissue structure and immune system
EX: Human papillomaviruses skin warts

Front 32

What is vertical transmission; give an example.

Back 32

Vertical transmission that can cross the placenta; is infection from mother to fetus;
Rubella

Front 33

Example of localized virus of the respiratory tract

Back 33

Influenza; Virus replicates and is shed from the body surface;
highly infectious

Front 34

How is disseminated viral infection carried out?

Back 34

Dissemination occurs via the blood (viremia) or lymphatic system.
The virus may travel free in the plasma but usually hitches a ride on monocytes or lymphocytes

Front 35

Give an example of a disseminated virus that travels via the nervous system

Back 35

Rabies

Front 36

Give some examples of some generalized viral infections

Back 36

Measles
Mumps
Hemorrhagic fever
Rabies

Front 37

What is tropism?

Back 37

Tropism is a predilection or nitch a virus may have to replicate and survive better in a specific type of organ, tissue or specialized cell type

Front 38

What is the basis for viral tropism?

Back 38

1. An appropriate cell surface molecule to act as a virus receptor; susceptibility
2. Appropriate cell transcription facctors to switch on viral genes and/or cell enzyme pathways to produce viral proteins "permissivity"

Front 39

Complete:
Virus: HIV
Receptor:
Cell Type:

Back 39

Virus: HIV
Receptor: CD4 cells
Cell Type: T helper cells

Front 40

Complete:
Virus: Influenza
Receptor:
Cell Type:

Back 40

Virus: Influenza
Receptor: Sialic Acid
Cell Type: many cells