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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are antivirals virustatic or virucidal? Why?
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Virustatic: have no effect on latent viruses.
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What are two guanine analogues that are effective against the herpesviridae viruses?
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Acyclovir
Ganciclovir |
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What is the difference between acyclovir and ganciclovir?
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acyclovir needs to be activated by a viral thymidine kinase, and ganciclovir does not.
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What herpesviridae does not have a thymidine kinase?
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CMV
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Acyclovir is used for what viruses?
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Herpes simplex
Varicella-zoster |
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What is the difference between acyclovir and famciclovir/valacyclovir?
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Increased drug levels after oral absorption. Same mechanism.
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What are advantages and disadvantage of ganciclovir when compared to acyclovir?
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Broader coverage but more toxic
Will cause neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. |
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What are the step in viral replication that can be targeted with antivirals?
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1. Attachment
2. Penetration and uncoating 3. RNA/DNA synthesis 4. Protein synthesis 5. Virion assembly 6. Stimulator of host innate immune response |
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What are the protease inhibitors used for HIV and HCV?
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Saquinavir
Indivair Ritonavir |
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What are the anti-influenza drugs? What are the mechanisms?
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Amantadine
Rimantadine Inhibit acid-mediated change in conformation of hemagglutinin protein. (ion channel blocker) Neuraminidase inhibitors: Zanamivir Oseltamivir Blocks the active site of neuraminidase and prevents removal of sialic acid residues causing clumping of the viral progeny. |
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When are zanamivir and oseltamivir effective?
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When flu symptoms are less than 2 days old.
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How effective are neuraminidase inhibitors?
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reduce disease syndrome by 1 day, but may decrease secondary complications
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What is the frequency of antiviral resistance with neuraminidase inhibitors compared with ion channel blockers?
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More frequent with ion channel blockers (amantadine/rimantadine), but possible.
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HIV protease inhibitors mimic what structures?
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gag-pol polyproteins, but are uncleavable.
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What causes protease inhibitor resistence?
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alteration of the protease
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What cytokine is typically used to treat HCV?
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Interferon alpha treats B/C infections, but relapse is common when drug is discontinued
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What is imiquimod and what is the mechanism of action?
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Immune modifier causing cytokine release following binding to a toll-like receptor.
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What are the HIV antiretroviral targets?
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Reverse transcriptase
Protease Entry |
