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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a disease agent that is responsible for slow viral disease?
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Prion
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describe a Prion.
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proteinaceious infectious particle that lacks nucleic acid
normal cellular protein that has altered structure |
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what is the model for a Prion disease.
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Scrapie prion in sheep
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The scrapie prion is very small _________ _________ and highly transmisible
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a filteralbe agent
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Name 4 things that Prions are highly resistant to.
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heat
ptoreases formaldehyde radiation |
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compare and contrast viruses and prions
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Prions have an apparent lack of genetic material
non-responsiveness of immune system to prion |
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what does postmortem examination of the brain show in a patient that died of a prion infection.
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Vacuolation of neurons, amyloid containing plaques and fibrils, proliferation and hypertrophy of astrocytes and fusion of neuron and glial cells
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The following are diseases symptoms of what?
loss of muscle control shivering (kuru) tremors dementia |
Prion Pathogenesis
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What are the symptoms of Prion disease indicative of?
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all consistent with destruction of neural tissue
one symptoms appear the patient dies within a year |
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what is a normal glycan anchored membrane protein found on body cells.
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PrPc
it is sensitive to heat, proteases, and formaldehyde |
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what is glycan anchored protein is found in the scrapie model of prion disease.
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PrPsc
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what glycan anchored protein is converted to PrPsc in Scrapie?
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PrPc
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how is prion disease transmitted?
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direct contact with infected tissue is necessary, eating infected beef, contaminated surgical instruments, through organ transplant
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Name the human diseases caused by Prion disease.
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Cruetzfeldt-Jakob disease
Gerstmann-Straussler-Schenker these disease manifest in older individuals |
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Prion laboratory diagnosis
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antibody to prion form of protein can be used in diagnosis
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is there a treatment or control for prion disease
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NONE at this time
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Is there a potential for a drug for Prion disease?
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YES
since there is a normal and abnormal cellular prion roteins have different three dimensional structures there is a potential for a designer drug -stabilize PrPc or degrade PrPsc |
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what family does West Nile virus belong to?
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Flaviviridae family
-it is an arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes |
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how does WNV spread through the body?
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WNV spreads through the body by viremia and induces a good interferon response
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True or False
WNV is a cytolytic virus |
True
it is a cytolytic virus but can also cause damage by immunopathology |
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what type of virus infection causes a moderate infection with a fever, followed by headache, nausea, vomiting. There are swollen lymph nodes and a skin rash on the trunk, face, and extremities.
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West Nile Virus
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what are the symptoms of sever infection of West Nile Virus
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headache, high fever, neck stiffness, disorientation, encephalities, stupor tremors, muscle weakness and convulsions
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what species of mosquito usually spreads WNV?
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Culex species
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what is the most sensitive screening test for WNV?
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the most sensitive screening test is the IgM-capture ELISA performed on both cerebrospinal fluid and serum
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when should the IgM capture ELISA be positive?
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shortly after the onset of symptoms until the 8th day of illness
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How is WNV differentiated between St. Louis Encephalitis, and other flaviviruses?
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any samples testing positive at the OSDH lab will be forwarded to the CDC Arbovirus Diagnostic Lab. Confirmation and discrimination are do by plaque reduction neutralization testing
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what can someone do to prevent or treat WNV?
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treatment is supportive, often involving hospitalization, IV fluids, respiratory support, and prevention of secondary infection
Ribavirin in high doses and interferon alpha 2b were found to have some activity against WNV |
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what family of virus does SARS belong to?
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Coronavirus
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what type of disease is SARS-Co?
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respiratory virus transmitted in large aerosol drops
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