Virology (28) - Parvoviridae, Adenoviridae, Papovaviridae

Front 1

Parvoviridae - structure

Back 1

non-enveloped icosahedral capsid (very small!)

Front 2

Parvoviridae - genome

Back 2

SMALLEST DNA genome & ONLY virus with ssDNA

linear genome, 3kb

Front 3

Parvoviridae - can only infect ____ cells

Back 3

dividing

(unless helper virus is present)

Front 4

Parvoviridae - important family members

Back 4

1) B19
2) Adeno-associated viruses (dependoviruses)

Front 5

B19 - pathology (direct/indirect)

Back 5

cytolytic for erythroid precursor cells (**DIRECT)

Front 6

B19 can only reproduce in ____ cells

Back 6

replicating

Front 7

What produces the slapped-face affect of Fifth's Disease?

Back 7

immune response to B19 -- indirect pathology

Front 8

Where does B19 replicate?

Back 8

URT

Front 9

B19 - possible complication

Back 9

hemolytic anemia -- life-threatening aplastic crisis

Front 10

B19 - incubation

Back 10

6 days

Front 11

B19 - is that rash contagious?

Back 11

no way!!

Front 12

B19 - prodrome

Back 12

may be contagious, but lack symptoms...

if symptoms - fever, sore throat, malaise, myalgia

Front 13

B19 - distinguishing symptom

Back 13

rash on cheeks -- slapped face

Front 14

B19 - why should adults be concerned?

Back 14

danger of polyarthitis

Front 15

B19 - complications in pregnancy

Back 15

in seronegative mothers, virus may cross placenta and cause hydrops fetalis (spontaneous abortion)

**anemia!

Front 16

Is B19 common?

Back 16

yep... 65% of adults infected by age 40

Front 17

How is B19 transmitted?

Back 17

oral secretions and respiratory droplets

Front 18

B19 - laboratory diagnosis

Back 18

diagnosed by clinical presentation -- slapped cheeks

Can use serology, PCR

Front 19

B19 needs to be differentiated from what other viral agent in pregnant women?

Back 19

Rubella -- Also causes bad birth things, but can be treated.

Front 20

B19 - treatment

Back 20

no antivirals

Front 21

B19 - vaccine

Back 21

nope... but there are animal parvovirus vaccines

Front 22

Adenoviridae - structure

Back 22

non-enveloped icosadeltahedral capsids

Front 23

Adenovirus - # of serotypes

Back 23

hundreds... which makes vaccination pretty much impossible

Front 24

Adenovirus - which types are most common?

Back 24

1-7

Front 25

Adenovirus is a major cause of ____ ____.

Back 25

common cold

Front 26

Adenovirus - infection types

Back 26

acute, persistent, latent

Front 27

In permissive cells, a productive adenovirus infection occurs -- cell lysis. What kind of cells are permissive?

Back 27

muco-epithelial

Front 28

Adenovirus establishes latency in non-permissive cells -- Name a non-permissive tissue.

Back 28

lymphoid tissue

Front 29

Adenovirus can stimulate ____ ____ and transform ____ cells.

Back 29

cell growth, non-permissive

Front 30

Adenovirus -- E1A (viral) binds to ____ (retinoblastoma gene product)

Back 30

pRB

Front 31

Adenovirus -- E1B (viral) binds to ____ (growth supressor)

Back 31

p53

Front 32

Adenovirus - tissue trophism

Back 32

tissue trophism of the strain dictates disease

Front 33

Adenovirus - how do you get one?

Back 33

fecal-oral, aerosal inhalation, close contact

Front 34

Adenovirus replication occurs in ____ cells

Back 34

mucoepithelial

Front 35

How do Adenoviruses get around the body?

Back 35

viremia

Front 36

Adenovirus - respiratory infection

Back 36

respiratory strains produce common-cold symptoms

Front 37

Adenovirus - acute respiratory disease (which strains?)

Back 37

4 & 7

**common in military recruits

Front 38

50 kids just showed up at your clinic with conjunctivitis. You suspect adenovirus. How in the hell did this happen?

Back 38

pool... adenoviruses are good swimmers.

Front 39

Adenovirus - reservoir

Back 39

just humans.

Front 40

Adenovirus - histology

Back 40

virus produces dense central intranuclear inclusion body in infected cells

Front 41

Adenovirus - Isolation

Back 41

Hela, primary cell line
6-7 days for CPE to develop
Sample should be taken from area of disease

Front 42

Adenovirus - Laboratory Diagnosis

Back 42

histology, isolation, PCR

Front 43

Adenovirus - treatment?

Back 43

no antivirals

Front 44

Adenovirus - vaccine

Back 44

military used to vaccinate against 4 & 7... no vaccines used in general public

Front 45

Papillomaviruses - which ones do we care about?

Back 45

HPVs - >70 types

Front 46

Polyomaviruses - tell me three that we care about

Back 46

BK, JC, SV40

Front 47

Structure of Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae

Back 47

non-enveloped, icosahedral capsids

Front 48

Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae - genome

Back 48

circular, dsDNA

Front 49

Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae - genomes encode proteins that promote cell growth. What does this mean for permissive/non-permissive cells?

Back 49

permissive cells - ensures lytic infection occurs
non-permissive cells - may transform (ONCOGENESIS!!!!)

Front 50

Papilloma - ?

Back 50

warts!!

self-limiting proliferation of skin

Front 51

Which HPVs are the most common?

Back 51

1-4

Front 52

Size, shape and location of HPV wart is dependent on... ?

Back 52

HPV type

Front 53

What's a koilocyte?

Back 53

enlarged keratinocytes with clear haloes around shrunken nuclei

**seen in HPV

Front 54

Papilloma - what are they??

Back 54

growths in mucous membranes (genital, oral, conjunctival)

Front 55

Are papillomas (HPV) benign?

Back 55

yep (most of the time)

Front 56

Which types of HPV cause genital warts and are linked to cervical cancer.

Back 56

16 & 18

Front 57

HPV - route of infection

Back 57

direct contact

**virus remains in area!

Front 58

Are HPV capsids resistant?

Back 58

Very! Can persist as fomites.

Front 59

How does HPV infect?

Back 59

Infects through abrasians in skin and requires direct contact...

*fomites, sexual intercourse, etc

Front 60

HPV - laboratory diagnosis

Back 60

PAP smear to detect koilocytotic squamous epithelial cells
DNA probes +/or PCR (determine strain)

Front 61

HPV - treatment

Back 61

Most warts regress without treatment... stubborn epidermal warts can be frozen/burned... REALLY stubborn warts may require surgery.

Front 62

HPV - vaccine

Back 62

Gardasil (Merck) protects against 6, 11, 16 & 18.

Front 63

Polyomavirus - which viruses cause human disease?

Back 63

JC & BK

Front 64

Polyomavirus - how do they get in?

Back 64

via respiratory tract and infect lymphocytes and kidneys

Front 65

Polyomaviruses - pathogenic in immunocompetent individuals?

Back 65

nope

Front 66

BK virus - what happens in immunocompromised pts?

Back 66

reactivation of latent virus in kidney -- severe UTI

shedding of virus in urinary tract

Front 67

JC virus - what happens in immunocompromised pts?

Back 67

reactivation of latent virus -- viremia and CNS infections

demyelination causes numerous neurological symptoms -- speech, vision, coordination, mentation, paralysis... etc

Front 68

Polyomavirus - common in our population?

Back 68

Yes!! by age 15, most people have acquired them.

Front 69

How are Polyomaviruses spread?

Back 69

respiratory transmission

Front 70

Polyomavirus - Laboratory Diagnosis

Back 70

POSTmortem histology -- foci of demyelination

Examine urine - virus excretion, sheds cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

PCR, ELISA, DNA probe, IF

Front 71

Polyomavirus - antivirals?

Back 71

no

Front 72

Polyomavirus - vaccines?

Back 72

nope

Front 73

Polyomavirus - prevention

Back 73

and I quote... "the best preventative measure is to avoid immunosuppression"

Um... I'll work on that? :)