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58 Cards in this Set

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Reovirus - morphology
non-enveloped, icosahedral virus with DOUBLE capsid`
Reovirus - genome
dsRNA (10-12 segments)
Reovirus - genome reassortment?
yes
Reovirus - durable?
yes
Important family members of Reoviridae.
Orthoreoviruses - reoviruses 1,2,3
Rotaviruses - -rota
Orbiviruses - -arbovirus
Coltiviruses - -arbovirus
How did we name Coltivirus?
COLorado TIck fever VIRUS
Are Orthoreoviruses (reoviruses) significan agents of human disease?
nope
Rotavirus - genus
Reoviridae
Rotavirus might be the #1 cause of infant death in undeveloped countries. Why?
dehydration
Which Rotavirus groups infect humnas?
A, B, C
Rotavirus group ____ is responsible for 90% of diarrhea cases.
A - eww.
How is rotavirus spread?
fecal-oral route (possibly respiratory??)
Why can Rotavirus survive in extreme environments?

in this case, extreme = environment, sewage, GI... not motocross.
double capsid is REALLY tough.
Rotovirus - direct or indirect pathology?
direct - cytolytic
Rotovirus - symptoms
gastroenteritis -- vomiting, diarrhea, fever, dehydration

NO blood in stool
Rotovirus - where is it cytolytic and why do we care?
infects columnar epithelial cells of small intestine

blocks water absorption -- watery diarrhea
Rotovirus virion must be ____ ____ before it infects cell.
partially degraded
Partial degradation of Rotovirus creates what kind of particle?
ISVP - infectious sub-viral particle

**ISVP can penetrate the cell.
Immunity to Rotovirus is associated with ____ in the gut.
IgA
Rotovirus - how does it spread?
fecal-oral
When is Rotavirus most common?
fall, winter & spring
Which groups are most at risk for complications with Rotavirus infection?
infants (younger than 24 month), especially if malnourished or suffering from concurrent disease
Rotavirus - laboratory testing
direct testing of virus in stool

(based on latex agglutination or ELISA)

**can use serology (IgG) almost never done
Rotavirus - Treatment
electrolyte replacement (cheap and effective...)
Rotavirus - vaccine
RotaTeq -- recommended in well baby schedule
Do Orbiviruses infect humans?
nope - spread by arthropods
Coltivirus - how can you be infected?
arthropods (ticks, specifically)

ARthropod BOrne VIRUS - arbovirus
How do Coltiviruses differ from reoviruses and rotaviruses?
outer capsid is less defined, viremic
Where does Colorado Tick Fever occur?
Western North America
Colorado Tick Fever infects erythroid precursor cells. Does it destroy them?
nope - virions remain in mature RBCs in a persistent cell-associated viremia
How are Coltivirus virons protected from immune system clearance?
remain in mature RBCs in a persistent cell-associated viremia
Coltivirus - what happens if it infects endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells?
HEMORRHAGE!!!

and, you know... death
Neuronal infections with Coltivirus can cause ____.
encephalitis
How long might Coltivirus persist?
weeks or months
Coltivirus - incubation period
3-6 days
Colorado Tick Fever - symptoms
usually mild or sub-clinical, but acute disease is similar to Dengue fever

fever, chills, headache, photophobia, myalgia arthralgia and lethargy
Colorado Tick Fever is a biphasic disease. What characterizes the second phase?
period of fever, conjunctivitis, possibly a maculopapular rash
Why must you differentiate Colorado Tick Fever from Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is treatable (and caused by bact)
How does one acquire Colorado Tick Fever?
tick bite
Colorado Tick Fever - Laboratory Diagnosis
**must be done at state or regional health lab

viral antigen detected in RBC smear after antibody staining and IF

Serology to detect IgM can be performed (acute v. convalescent sera)
Colorado Tick Fever - treatment
no treatment, but disease is self-limiting
Can people infected with Coltivirus donate blood?
nope.
Colorado Tick Fever - Prevention
avoiding tick bites (DEET, long sleeved shirts, etc).
Colorado Tick Fever - vaccine
Vaccines aren't in use for general public, but may be available to workers whose jobs put them at risk -- ranchers, loggers, rangers
Rhabdoviridae - structure
enveloped with BULLET shaped morphology
Rhabdoviridae - genome
(-)ssRNA - heliocapsid
Rhabdoviridae - important family members
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus = prototype, but not significant in humans.

RABIES - most important for humans, causes encephalitis.
Rabies Virus - mode of transmission
Normally, transmitted by a bite from infected animal

(another possible mode is aerosol inhalation of bat feces)
Rabies Virus - primary infection - how long does it last?
replicates SLOWLY at infection site

can last days to months
Rabies virus is a ____ virus.
neurotropic
Describe movement of the rabies virus.
Virus travels to DRG and spinal cord by retrograde axoplasmic transport.
Virus replicates in the brain, then spreads by afferent neurons to skin, salivary glands, retina, corneal nasal mucosa, adrenal medulla.
Further replication occurs in SALIVARY glands and virus sheds in saliva.
Rabies viral infection eventually causes what CNS effets?
encephalitis, neuronal degeneration
Once symptoms of rabies infection appear, ____ is almost certain.
death
Rabies Virus - clinical management
supportive care and neuroprotective measures, including drug-induced coma, ventilator support.

Intravenous RIBIVARIN may be used.
Rabies Virus - disease phases
1) Incubation
2) Prodrome
3) Neurologic
4) Coma
5) Death
Who should get a rabies vaccine?
animal handlers, zoo workers, veterinarians, animal control officers, etc.
Rabies Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis
done at state lab

Virus detected by immunohistochemistry (MAB and polyclonal anitbodies)

Histology (if their dead!) - Negri bodies
Rabies Virus - Postexposure prophylaxix
Wash wound with soap, passice antibody injection, immunization.