Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Naked viruses
|
Contain DNA or RNA and a protein coat called a capsid = nucleocapsid. Do not have phospholipid layer
|
|
|
Specimen collection for virus
|
Viral shedding highest at beginning of disease. Swabs (calcium alginate can inhibit replication of virus).
|
|
|
Herpes viruses
|
dsDNA, icosahedral capsid, envelope, and latent and lifelong persistence.
|
|
|
Herpes simplex viruses
|
Adults: 80% infected w/ type 1 (mouth lesions and blisters) and 20% w/ type 2 (genital herpes). Spread by contact w/ secretions. Usually asymptomatic w/ mucous lesions.
|
|
|
Varicella Zoster
|
Herpes virus. Varicella (chicken pox) usually in children and highly contagious. Zoster (shingles) is reactivation of varicella; lesions very painful.
|
|
|
Ebstein-Barr virus
|
Herpes virus. Cause of infectious mononucleosis aka "kissing disease". Transmission by infected saliva. Associated w/ Burkitts lymphoma.
|
|
|
Cytomegalovirus
|
Herpes virus. Spread by close contact (saliva or blood). Mostly asymptomatic. Slow growing (takes up to 3 weeks to see CPE).
|
|
|
Human papilloma virus (HPV)
|
DNA virus, icosahedral, envelopes. Genital warts, cervical cancer. Pap smears for dx. Vaccine available (preteens 11-12).
|
|
|
Noroviruses
|
ssRNA. Naked virus. Most common cause of gastroenteritis in US.
|
|
|
Ebola virus
|
ssRNA. The Hot Zone. Highly infectious and deadly. Causes hemorrhagic fever. Possibly from infection by monkeys.
|
|
|
Influenza viruses types A and B
|
ssRNA. Surface antigens: hemagglutinin and neuraminidase for attaching to RBC surfaces and respiratory epithelial cells.
|
|
|
Antigenic shift
|
Major changes of surface antigens. Only associated w/ Influenza A.
|
|
|
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
|
Single-stranded RNA. Most common virus isolated from infants w/ lower respiratory tract infections. By 2 years almost all children infected w/ RSV. Highly contagious and spread via aerosols.
|
|
|
HIV
|
ssRNA retrovirus. Attacks CD4 T cells. Weakens immune system. Confirmatory dx by Western blot.
|
|
|
Hepatitis A
|
Naked, icosahedral, ssRNA. Associated w/ food-borne illness. Fecal-oral route. Self limiting symptoms. Vaccine available.
|
|
|
Hepatitis B
|
dsDNA, enveloped. Transmitted sexually or blood.
|
|
|
Hepatitis C
|
ssRNA w/ lipid envelope. Cause of blood transfusion hepatitis. No vaccine. Increased liver enzymes, including ALT.
|
|
|
Prions
|
Proteinaceous infectious particles. Lack nucleic acid. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and "mad cow disease".
|
|
|
Adenovirus
|
DNA, icosahedral, no envelope.
|
|
|
Hepatitis B serological indicators
|
HBsAg: first positive marker; negative after pt recovers (remains positive in chronic infections)
Anti-HBsAg: positive for life, but indicates recovery or immunity Anti-HBcAg-IgM: recent acute infection Anti-HBcAg: positive in acute infection but does not indicate recovery or immunity HBeAg: positive in acute/chronic stages Anti-HBeAb: associated w/ good prognosis |
|
|
Hepatitis D
|
RNA. HBV present before HDV is infective.
|
|
|
Hepatitis E
|
RNA. Spread by contaminated water.
|
|
|
Retrovirus
|
RNA virus, icosahedral, envelopes. Have reverse transcriptase (transcribes RNA into DNA)
|
