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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the basic characteristics of Flaviviruses
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Single stranded, positive sense RNA
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What diseases does family Bunyaviridae cause
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Hanta Virus, Sin Nombre
Crimean-Congo Hemmorhagic Fever Rift Valley Fever California and Lacrosse Encephalitis |
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What diseases does family Flaviviridae cause
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Dengue
Japanese Enchephalitis Yellow Fever Kyasanur Omsk |
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What disease does family Rhabdoviridae cause
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Rabies
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What are some characteristics of Bunyaviridae
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Encompass a large group of arthropod-borne viruses
Genera / Virus Hantavirus: Hantaan, Dobrava, Seoul, Puumala Nairovirus: Crimean-Congo HF Phlebovirus: Rift Valley Fever |
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How is Hantavirus transmitted
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It is a zoonosis of rodents. The virus is aerosolized in rodent excrete (no arthropod vector)
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What causes Rift Valley Fever
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Phlebovirus, one of the Bunyaviruses
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What are some basic characteristics of Rift Valley fever
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Virus: RVF virus
Reservoir - Sheep, goats, cattle, and camels Vector: Aedes mosquitoes (mcintoshi) Occasional/rare transmission by aerosol from parturient livestock Distribution: sub-Saharan Africa Peak transmission: Rainy season |
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What are the clinical features of Rift Valley fever
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Clinical:
-Fever, Headache, Joint and Muscle pains -Conjunctivitis, Photophobia Vertigo, Prostration, Nausea, Vomiting, Altered Vision -Illness>>Recovery>>Return>>Convalescence |
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What are some complications that can arise from Rift Valley Fever
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-Retinitis 5%-10% develop retinitis 1-3 weeks following fever
-Macular exudates (cotton wool) -Retinal hemorrhages, Vasculitis 50% with permanent visual impairment -Meningoenchephalitic syndrome -Fulminant disease (1%) |
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What will the clinical laboratories look like in Rift Valley Fever
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Anemia, Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia
Increased fibrin degradation products |
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How should Rift Valley fever be treated
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Supportive Care
Ribavirin (inhibits transcription) |
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How is Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever transmitted
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Reservoir: Hares, Domestic animals
Vector: Hyalomma ticks Contact w/ blood of humans or dead animals Nosocomial outbreaks have been reported |
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What is the vector for Dengue
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Mosquito (Aedes aegypti/albopictus)
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What is the leading arboviral (mosquito-borne) infection
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Dengue, caused by a Flavivirus. Though transmitted by mosquitos, it is an exclusively human disease
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What is the vector of Japanese encephalitis
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The mosquito Culex spp. The virus (a Flavivirus) is transmitted in a zoonotic cycle between ardeids and swine
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What is the function of the NS1 Flavivirus protein
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Function is unknown, but it may mediate disease pathogenesis
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What is the vector for Yellow Fever
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Aedes and Hemogogus spp. It displays urban and sylvatic cycles
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What are the characteristics of the Rhabdoviridae family
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Enveloped, elongated and rodlike, single stranded negative sense RNA
Includes Lyssavirus (Rabies), Ephemerovirus, and Vesiculovirus |
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What are the signs and symptoms of rabies
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Chills, fever, headache, photophobia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat, cough, malaise
Abnormal sensation around the bite site -Itching, burning, numbness, or paresthesia Myoedema (prodromal period with persistence) -Mounding of part of the muscle struck with a reflex hammer Hydrophobia |
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What are the four periods of rabies infection
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Incubation period
Prodromal period - 2 to 10 day Acute neurologic phase -Anxiety, agitation, dysphagia, hypersalivation, paralysis, seizure Coma preceding death |
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What are the two types of acute neurologic phases in rabies infection
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“Furious rabies” (Encephalitic, Hyperactivity)
Hydrophobia, delirium, agitation Neurologic period ends after 2 to 7 days Coma or sudden death (respiratory or cardiac arrest) “Paralytic or Dumb” rabies (Paralysis) 20% of patients (certain viral variants = vampire bat rabies) Sensorium is largely spared Paresthesia and weakness → flaccid paralysis → plegia Usually less rapidly progressive Final stage is coma, 3 to 7 days, then death |
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What is the viral pathogenesis of Lyssavirus genotype 1 (rabies)
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Entry to peripheral neurons via AchR
Axoplasmic transport to cell body Cell to cell spread up to CNS Negri bodies are pathognomonic |
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What is the standard for the diagnosis of rabies
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Direct fluorescent antibody staining of biopsy or necropsy
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What are Negri bodies
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Pathognomonic for rabies
Round or oval inclusions w/in cytoplasm of nerve cells Size from 0.25 to 27 µm Pyramidal cells of Ammon's horn Purkinje cells of the cerebellum Neurons of the salivary glands, tongue, or other organs |
