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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Virus
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A small, obligatory intracellular organism that contains either a DNA or an RNA genome, encapsidated in a protein shell that oftentimes is further packaged in a lipid envelope
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What are some basic properties of viruses
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100x smaller than a cell
Need host cells, embryos, or whole animals to cultivate (obligate intracellular parasites) Viruses replicate like their hosts, so there are few drug targets Full range of infections Confusingly similar symptoms, e.g. "flu like," rash Often suspects in diseases with unknown etiologies Difficult to diagnose/differentiate, cultivate, and treat |
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What is the name of the protein shell that encloses the nucleic acid
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Capsid
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What is the name of the capsid together with its enclosed nucleic acid
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Nucleocapsid
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The nucleocapsid may be wrapped in what, which is derived from host cell membranes
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An Envelope
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What word describes a complete infectious virus particle
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Virion
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What is the morphology of the adenovirus
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Icosahedral
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What is the morphology of the Ebola virus
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Helical
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What is the morphology of the Pox virus
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Complex
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What are the two main classifications used for viruses
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Nucleic Acid Structure: RNA or DNA
Enveloped or non-enveloped |
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What do Pox, Herpes, Adeno, Papova, Hepadna, and Parvoviruses all have in common
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They are DNA viruses
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What do Paramyxo, Orthomyxo, Arena, Filo, Rhabdo, Bunya, Retro, Flavi, Toga, Reo, Calici, and Picorna viruses have in common
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They are RNA viruses
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What is a negative-sense genome
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It is complementary to mRNA. It is a component of RNA viruses. These viruses have RNA-dependent RNA polymerase packaged in the viron
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What is a positive sense genome
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mRNA-sense. These RNA viruses can directly translate viral genome to produce RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for viral replication
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What is meant by quasi-species in viral genetics
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Sequence variants within the virus population in an infected host. Often seen in RNA viruses, whose RdRP lacks proofreading, causing errors to occur at high frequency
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What is meant by re-assortment in viral genetics
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Influenza virus type A has a segmented genome and large animal reservoirs, so it can get re-assortment of large pieces of its genome- "antigenic shift"
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What determines viral stability and the entry pathway
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The virus coat.
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What type of viruses are non-enveloped
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Frequently enteric, such as enterovirus, enteric adenoviruses, and reovirus
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How do enveloped viruses gain entry to the host
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Respiratory droplets, saliva, semen, blood, close contacts. Examples include influenza, measles, and EBV
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What virus lyses neuronal cells
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Poliovirus
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What viruses induce cell fusion (syncytia)
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HIV, measles
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Name two viruses that shut down/hijack host cellular processes
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HSV, Poliovirus
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Most immune pathology in viral infections is caused by what
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T cells (rashes), sometimes by antigen-antibody immune complexes (kidney)
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What is RSV disease mediated by
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Cytokines from Th2 cells. This is the reason inactivated vaccine was problematic
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