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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the major viral upper respiratory tract infections?
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Common cold (rhinitis)
Sinusitis Otitis media Pharyngitis Laryngitis Conjunctivitis |
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What are the three most common causes of viral URTI and how many strains are there?
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Rhinovirus (40-50%)--100+ strains
Coronavirus (10-30%)--30+ strains Adenovirus (5-10%)--51 strains |
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What are the major characteristics of Rhinoviruses?
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>100 strains (Groups A,B,C). No cross-protective immunity. Acid labile, heat stable. Optimal growth @ 33C (confines to URT); Naked capsid (retains environmental infectivity longer than enveloped)
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What is the most frequent cause of the common cold?
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Rhinovirus (~50%)
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What is the most frequent cause of pharyngitis?
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Rhinovirus
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What is the most common disease in humans?
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Common cold
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How are Rhinoviruses spread?
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Spread by respiratory droplets, esp. hands to face.
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How does weather impact susceptibility to Rhinoviruses, Coronaviruses, and Adenoviruses?
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Weather is not a direct influence on susceptibility. Weather indirectly affects transmission by keeping people indoors, facilitating spread.
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Misuse of antibiotics is most commonly due to what infectious agent?
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Rhinovirus (followed by influenza)
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What is the most effective method for inhibiting the spread of Rhinovirus?
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Frequent hand washing
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What inflammatory mediators are responsible for almost all cold symptoms?
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Histamine
Prostaglandins Kinins Cytokines |
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Which cold symptoms is histamine responsible for?
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Dilation of blood vessels, nasal congestion & plasma exudate; activation of sneeze and cough reflexes
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Which cold symptoms are prostaglandins responsible for?
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Mucous gland secretion
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Which cold symptoms are kinins responsible for?
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Stimulation of pain nerve fibers (sore throat)
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Which cold symptoms are cytokines responsible for?
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Headache, fever, chills, shivers, muscle aches
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Why is the development of a vaccine for Rhinovirus difficult?
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Due to multiplicity of causative viruses, sub-strains. New strains emerging by genetic recombination.
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What is the role of secretory IgA in Rhinovirus infection?
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Responsible for recovery, immunity, therefore short-lived
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What is the best method to distinguish between Rhinovirus and Coronavirus?
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There is no way to tell a difference
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SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome, was the result of infection with...
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Coronavirus
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What frequently causes viral acute respiratory disease?
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Adenovirus
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Which group(s) of people has shown significant infection of acute respiratory disease?
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Military recruits
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Adenovirus is a frequent cause of which infections?
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Upper and lower respiratory tract infections.
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Pharyngoconjunctival fever is caused by what viral infection?
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Adenovirus
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Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is cause by what viral infection?
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Adenovirus
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