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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Different types of diarrhea?
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1.Inflammatory-
a. Hemorrhagic - bloody b. dysentery - mucus, blood, debris from inflam response, leukocytes/fibrin 2. Non-Inflammatory Diarrhea- -watery, osmotic, mediated by endotoxins (some virus and some bact) |
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Non-Inflammatory diarrhea viruses?
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-Rotavirus
-Calicivrius - Norovirus + Sapovirus |
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Non- Inflammatory diarrhea Parasites?
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-all but entamoeba histolytica cause non inflam bact
-giardia -cryptosporidium parvum -isospora belli -microsporidia -cyclospora cayetanensis |
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Non-Inflammatory Diarrhea bacteria?
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-vibrio cholerae
-ETEC enterotoxigenic escherichia colia *exo and enterotoxins |
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Inflammatory diarrhea causes?
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-campylobacter jejuni
-salmonella -shiga toxin (STEC) -clostridium difficile -EIEC enteroinvasive E.coli -Yersinia -Vibrio parahaemolyticus -entamoeba histolytica |
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Things that cause food poisoning?
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-from preformed toxins
-staph aureus -bacillus cereus -clostridium perfringens |
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Viruses associated with Gastroenteritis?
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Main 2: Rotavirus + norovirus
Others: sapovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus |
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Rotavirus vs. Norovirus
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Rotavirus - young kids, very severe cases of gastroenteritis
-incubation: 1-4 days Duration: 5-8 Norovirus - all ages, not as severe -Incubation: 1-2 days Duration: 1-3 Same Symptoms: abrupt onset watery diarrhea and vom in kids. no blood in stool. low fever, dehydration. Can spread virus even when asymp |
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Pathogenesis of viral gastroenteritis?
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1. replication of enterocyytes in SI
2. lysis of infected cells --> get blunted intestinal villi...this leads to malabsoprtion 3. to counteract this, crypt cells divide to restore villi...but leads to hypersecretion - watery diarrhea 4. when virus leaves villi go back to normal, crypt cells resume normal secretion --> no more diarrhea |
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Clinical disease of Virus causing gastroenteritis?
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-very localized
-IgA provides protection...re-infection is milder -self resolving |
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vomiting associated with viral or bacterial?
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viral
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Ways to detect Virus?
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1. Electron Microscopy - old method, not sensitive, hard
2. Serology - look for ab in serum, only lets you confirm something that already happened, good for outbreak tracking 3. Latex agglutination - for rotavirus 4. EIA - for norovirus, easy, quick, cheap, sensitive 5. RT-PCR - track outbreaks 6. Pulsed Field gel electrophoresis - look at same banding patterns in rna |
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Rotavirus features?
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-ds RNA
-segmented -triple shelled capsid -VP2- inner capsid layer -VP4 -P, attachment protein...elicits neut ab, target for vaccine -VP6 - middle capsid layer..helps with subgroup..main is A -VP7 - G, outer capsid layer...elicits neut ab -NSP4 - viral enterotoxin, results in cl secretion which can affect uninfected cells *genotype and serotype determined by VP7 and VP4 |
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Major cause of acute diarrhea in kid <5
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rotavirus
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hypertrichosis多毛(症)
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minoxidil, finasteride
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Norovirus features
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-rna, icosahedral, naked
-cant diagnose bc comes up negative -VOMITING before diarrhea -***most common cause nonbact gastroenteritis in old kids and adults -first contaminated food/h20...then person to person - cruise ship, nursing home -low infectious dose, asymp shed, withstands cl, cold, hot, strain diversity, lacks immunity |
