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82 Cards in this Set
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Human Parvovirus B19
Disease? Route of transmission? Hallmark? Vaccine? |
Human Parvovirus B19 Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (fifth disease) Route of transmission: Respiratory Droplet Hallmark: Slapped cheek rash Vaccine: No vaccine or treatment |
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Papovaviruses cause what |
warts, polyomas or tumors, vacuolization (large cytoplasmic vacuoles)
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Human Papillomavirus Disease: papillomas (skin and genital warts) Route of transmission: Direct contact, sometimes sexuall Hallmark: linked to cervical cancer Vaccine: Gardasil |
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Variola (Smallpox Virus) Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Variola (Smallpox Virus) Disease: Smallpox Route of transmission: Direct contact, fomites, respiratory Hallmark: scarring lesions begin on hands and face Vaccine: vaccine has eliminated the disease. Last case US case was ’49. Last natural case in the world was ‘77 |
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Adenoviruses Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Adenoviruses Disease: Common Cold, Conjunctivitis, ARS Route of transmission: Respiratory and skin contact Hallmark: Causes 5% of viral respiratory disease in US Vaccine: None |
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HHV1 DNA or RNA: Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
HHV1 Disease: Cold Sores Route of transmission: Saliva, vesical fluid, sexual by birth canal Hallmark: latency in trigeminal ganglion. Can also cause genital infections. Can be easily transferred to eyes. Anything that jolts nervous system can cause activation of virus. Vaccine: no vaccine, TX with acyclovir or valtrex |
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HHV2 Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
HHV2 Disease: Genital Herpes Route of transmission: Vesical fluid, sexual contact and birth canal Hallmark: Latency in sacral ganglia. Herpes lesions are painful. Women get larger lesions. Dengerous to newborns, can affect mouth through oral sex. Anything that jolts nervous system can trigger activation Vaccine: No vaccine, TX with acyclovir or valtrex |
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Varicella Zoster (HHV3) Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Varicella Zoster (HHV3) Disease: Chicken pox and shingles Route of transmission: Respiratory, fomites, direct contact Hallmark: Vaccine: live attenuated vaccine. VZ immune globulin given to immunocompromised pts. tx with acyclovir. |
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Epstein-Barr virus (HHV4) Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Epstein-Barr virus (HHV4) Disease: Encephalitis, Hepatitis, Burkits Lymphoma, Hodgkins Disease, Mono Route of transmission: Respiratory, saliva, fomites Hallmark: Sx of mono vary greatly depending on patients’ immune system Vaccine: None |
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What diseases are caused by Epstein-Barr (HSV4) |
Encephalitis, Burkitts lymphoma, Hodgkins disease, Infectious mononucleosis
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Cytomegalovirus (HHV5) Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Cytomegalovirus (HHV5) Disease: Encephalitis, mono, hepatitis, CMV retinitis, heart disease Route of transmission: Fomites and possibly respiratory, virus shed in saliva, urine, semen, cervical secretions, breast milk Hallmark: hot area of research because if a vaccine can be developed it may be an anti plaque virus Vaccine: None |
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What diseases are caused by cytomegalovirus (HSV5) |
Encephalitis, mono, hepatitis, CMV retinitis, Heart disease
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HHV 6 Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
HHV6 Disease: Exanthem subitum (roseola infantum) Route of transmission: Probably saliva Hallmark: Rash appears when the unexpected fever breaks Vaccine: None |
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HHV7 Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
HHV7 Disease: Roseola infantum in infants and young children Route of transmission: Probably saliva Hallmark: Establishes latency in host Vaccine: |
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Which HHVs cause roseola infantum |
HHV 6 & 7
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HHV8 Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
HHV8 Disease: Kaposi’s sarcoma Route of transmission: Hallmark: Usually associated with HIV/AIDS patients. Purple skin lesions Vaccine: |
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Clinical variants of Kaposi’s sarcoma |
Classic, Endemic, Latrogenic, AIDS
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Classic Kaposi’s sarcoma |
affects older males of east European and Mediterranean lineage, typically as cutaneous lesions on lower extremities
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Endemic Kaposi’s sarcoma |
Occurs in Africa, may involve lymph nodes and skin lesions, variant often seen in HIV negative and children
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Latrogenic Kaposi’s sarcoma |
Recipients of solid organ transplants being tx with immunosuppressive meds. More common in mediterannean descent
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AIDS associated Kaposi’s sarcoma |
very aggressive, cutaneous, lymphatic, often spreads to GI tract, liver, spleen,
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HEPADNAVIRUSES |
HEPA dna Viruses
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Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Disease: Hepatitis Route of transmission: Blood transfer Hallmark: 10% pts become chronic carriers, similar to HIV in that it uses reverse transcriptase to replicate; no other viruses except retroviruses do this Vaccine: Yes. |
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Hepatitis F Virus (HFV) Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Hepatitis F Virus (HFV) Disease: Hepatitis Route of transmission: Blood transmission Hallmark: Vaccine: None |
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Polio virus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Poliovirus Disease: Poliomyelitis (polio) Route of transmission: Fecal/oral Hallmark: Samll percentage actually paralytic. Fecal/oral transmission. Vaccine: Salk vaccine was IPV killed virus of all three types, injected and required booster. Sabin vaccine was OPV. This was shed in feces. |
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Salk Vaccine |
1954, for polio. IPV. Was inactivated virus of all 3 types. 90% effective
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Sabin vaccine |
1963, for polio. OPV. Attenuated virus that shed in feces. No longer available in US
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Rhinovirus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Rhinovirus Disease: Common Cold Route of transmission: Respiratory, nasal secretions, hand to hand Hallmark: Causes common cold Vaccine: None |
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Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Disease: Hepatitis Route of transmission: ASS, Blood Hallmark: Associated with contaminated foods in schools and large cafeterias Vaccine: Passive antibody may be given or an inactivated virus is available |
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Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) Disease: Hepatitis Route of transmission: Probably same as HBV and HBC Hallmark: Coinfection with HBV Vaccine: None, But preventing HBV will prevent HDV infection |
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Togaviruses |
single stranded RNA viruses
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Rubivirus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Rubivirus Disease: Rubella/German Measles Route of transmission: Respiratory Hallmark: Rash below the collar bone. Lasts 3 days. Mild. Never vaccinate preg woman with MMR Vaccine: MMR developed in 69 and 79. Never give to pregnant woman |
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Flaviviruses |
any of a group of RNA viruses, mostly having arthropod vectors, that cause a number of serious human diseases including yellow fever, dengue, various types of encephalitis, and hepatitis C.
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Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Disease: Hepatitis Route of transmission: Blood Hallmark: 85% become chronic carriers Vaccine: None |
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Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Disease: Hepatitis Route of transmission: Fecal/oral Hallmark: mainly seen in developing countries. Dangerous in preg women. Similar to HAV Vaccine: None but antibodies may be helpful |
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Hepatitis G Virus (HGV) Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Hepatitis G Virus (HGV) Disease: Hepatitis Route of transmission: Blood and others possible Hallmark: May be much worse than HCV if it becomes more prevelant Vaccine: None |
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Yellow Fever Virus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Yellow Fever Virus Disease: Yellow Fever Route of transmission: Aedes Mosquito Hallmark: High fever and mortality. Bleeding gums, black vomit Vaccine: Yes. Yields long term immunity |
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Jungle yellow fever |
mainly disease of monkeys. From infected mosquito to monkeys. Can be transferred to humans. Rare
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Urban yellow Fever |
disease of humans. Spread by Aedes aegypti. Breed in stagnant water near humans in cities. Cause of most oubreaks/epidemics.
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Dengue Fever Virus and DF Hemorrhagic Virus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Dengue Fever Virus and DF Hemorrhagic Virus Disease: Dengue faver, dengue fever hemorrhagic fever respectively Route of transmission: Aedes Mosquito Hallmark: Severity of sx depends on whether you get breakbone fever or hemorrhagic version Vaccine: No vaccine. Supportive care and bed rest for 1-2 weeks |
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West nile Virus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
West Nile Virus Disease: WNV Route of transmission: Mosquito Hallmark: Almost always mild in humans Vaccine: None |
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Coronavirus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Coronavirus Disease: Acute coryza (Common cold) also SARS Route of transmission: Indirect contact, fomite SARS by close person to person Hallmark: One of the many cold causing viruses Vaccine: None |
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Coronavirus causes what two diseases |
SARS and the common cold
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Rhabdoviruses |
bullet shaped. Antisense RNA (-stranded RNA)
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Rabies Virus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Rabies Virus Disease: Rabies Route of transmission: Lick or bite Hallmark: Abnormal sensations at bite location, agitated behavior, hallucination, muscle spasms Vaccine: Human Diploid Cell vaccine (inactivated). 5-6 IM injection series in 28 days along with passive antibody |
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Filovirus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Filovirus Disease: Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Route of transmission: Blood or fluid transfer Hallmark: Vaccine: None |
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Paramyxovirus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Paramyxovirus Disease: Mumps Route of transmission: Saliva, respiratoy, urine Hallmark: Swelling of the jaw Vaccine: MMR attenuated live vaccine |
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Morbillivirus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Morbillivirus Disease: Rubeola (measles) Route of transmission: Respiratory Hallmark: Rash starts @ hairline and continues to spread over body, very sick, koplik spots are hallmark Vaccine: MMR Live attenuated |
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Respiratory Synctial Virus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Respiratory Synctial Virus Disease: RSV Route of transmission: Respiratory Hallmark: Vaccine: None, aerosol ribavirin. Always isolated. New injectable vaccine, Respigam has been approved by USDA |
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Influenza Virus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Influenza Virus Disease: Influenzae Route of transmission: Respiratory, hand to hand Hallmark: Vaccine: Based on best guess annually. Can use amantadine for flu B. GG167 or GS4104 can be given to interrupt virus ability to replicate. Tamiflu for flu A&B. Relenza is for flu A&B in those older than 7 |
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Hantavirus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Hantavirus Disease: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Route of transmission: Respiratory particles from mice Hallmark: DS RNA, nonenveloped. +strand serves as mRNA for proteins. Both strands serve as template for more viral RNA which then combined into DS RNA Vaccine: None |
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Reovirus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Reovirus Disease: Common Cold Route of transmission: Respiratory Hallmark: Vaccine: none |
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Rotavirus Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
Rotavirus Disease: Diarrhea Route of transmission: Fecal/oral Hallmark: leading cause of diarrhea in young children in US Vaccine: 3 Feb 2006 FDA approved a live oral vaccine for use in children |
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Retroviruses (HIV) carry |
2 strands of +RNA and its own RNA dependent DNA transcriptase. This converts the RNA to DS DNA. This DNA incorporates into the host cell DNA as provirus that never comes out.
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HIV Disease Route of transmission: Hallmark: Vaccine: |
HIV Disease: AIDS Route of transmission: Sexual, Blood Hallmark: Vaccine: NONE |
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Enveloped viruses can exit a cell by a process called |
budding
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Budding usually does not result in _____ of the cell |
lysis or death
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Nonenveloped normally exit a cell by |
lysing the host cell
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CPE stands for |
cytopathic effects
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The CPE of inclusion bodies are |
inclusions often filled with viral parts.
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Some viral infections form a CPE of giant cells called |
polykaryotes
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Some viruses cause a CPE to the chromosome |
Chromosomal breakage
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A CPE is come cells expressing alterel levels of |
hormones
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CPEs resultant from viral infection can include |
Inclusion bodies or negri bodies, polykaryotes, chromosomal breakage, expression of altered levels of hormones
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A cancer is |
the uncontrolled replication of a given type of cell in the body
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Cancerous tissues are called |
tumors
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Tumors are defined as one of two things |
malignant or benign
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Suffix “oma” is associated with what |
cancer
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Prefix added to suffix “oma” in cancer naming denotes what |
type of tissue affected
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Sarcomas are |
cancers of connective tissues
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Adenocarcinomas are |
tumors of glandular epithelial cells
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Many normal cells are transformed into cancer when these are avtivated |
oncogenes
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In normal form (before activated) oncogenes are called |
proto-oncogenes
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Oncogene activators |
UV Light, Radiation, Carcinogens, Replication mistakes, Viruses
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All oncogenic viruses have the ability to integrate into |
the host cells DNA and replicate there
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Signs cells are cancerous |
loss of contact inhibition, expression of viral antigens on surfaces, broken or unusual number of chromosomes
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Method of oncogene activation |
Single base pair mutation, Transduction, translocation, gene amplification
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Describe transduction in oncogene activation |
oncogene moved from one cell to another
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Describe translocation in oncogene activation |
oncogene is moved from one location in a chromosome to another location or chromosome within the SAME cell
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Arbovirus |
any virus transmitted by mosquitos, ticks or other arthropods
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Common Cold Causing Viruses |
Adenovirus, Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, Reovirus |
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Viruses have have RNA or DNA but never |
Have DNA or RNA but never both |
