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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a signalment?
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Age, breed, gender that predisposes an animal to its specific medical condition
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List the systems of the body
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integument, respiratory,cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, genitourinary,neurologic,general parameters, special senses
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List the 3 body types
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ECTOMORPH - lean body mass, can see ribs
MESOMORPH-muscular, cannot feel ribs with gentle pressure ENDOMORPH-overweight, cannot feel ribs |
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WHat is the instrument used to see the tympanic membrane?
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Otoscope
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Which lymph nodes should you be able to palpate on physical exam?
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Submandilar - in neck
popliteal-caudal to stifle prescapular-located cranial and dorsal to shoulder joint |
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What heart valves are heard on the right?
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Tricuspid
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What heart valves are heard on the left?
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Pulmonic, mitral, aortic
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What are two examples of neurologic exams?
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Patellar reflex-tapping on patellar tendon
Wheel barrowing - holding animal's rear legs and seeing if animal will move forward |
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Describe the proper procedure for palpating the abdomen
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Use 2 handed technique for large animal, 1 hand for small. Begin dorsal to ventral and feel as the abdominal structures slip through hands. Note any abnormalities in chart.
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What factors would you look at to evaluate dehydration?
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Skin turgor
gingival color and moistness CRT position of globe in orbit |
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Optimizing your physical exam
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Have pet under control
Chief complaint Signalment Get complete and accurate history -note any abnormal behaviors ask 1-2 questions about each system |
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Chief complaint
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reason for the appointment
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General parameters
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TPR
document with stickers, chart begin nose to tail |
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Causes of change in weight
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hypothyroidism
diabetes over-eating |
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Abnormalities to look for in the eyes
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entropion
ectropion 3rd eyelid cherry eye |
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Glaucoma
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Increase in intra-ocular pressure
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Miosis
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constricting of pupil
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Mydriasis
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dilating of pupil
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uveitis
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inflammation of the iris and ciliate body
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cataracts
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opacity of the lenses
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tapetum
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portion of the eye that reflects light
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Schirmer Tear Test
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test for tear production, normall 10-24mm/min
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Fluoroscein Dye
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test for ulceration of the cornea. If present, it will stain green
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Epistaxis
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bloody nose
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Staining of deciduous teeth
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Caused by tetracycline during development of teeth
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Periodontitis
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inflammation of structures surrounding the teeth
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Signs of inflammation
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anorexia
pawing at the mouth halitosis |
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Tongue
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always check under the tongue for foreign bodies
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Tumors in the mouth
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sqaumous cell carcinoma
melanoma fibrosarcoma |
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Aural hematoma
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collection of blood or pus in the pinna
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Exuadates of the ear
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dry, dark flaky -earmites
light to yellowish pasty - yeast infection |
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Tynpanic Membrane
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seen through otoscope
seperates external ear form middle ear "fish scale" |
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Respiratory sounds in dogs
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heard during inspiration and expiration
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Respiratory sounds in cats
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heard only during inspiration
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Common skin problems
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FAD-flea allergy dermatits
Seborrhea-crusty scales, oily skin alopacia-hair loss pruritis-itching pustules |
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Causes of dermatitis
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fleas
sarcoptic mange -zoonotic! demodex hormonal changes allergies heredity infections |
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Skin scrape
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1.Place drop of mineral oil onto slide
2.Begin scrape by holding skin bt thumb and index fingers 3.Hold blade perpindicular 4.Depth depends upon what you are looking for 5> All material is placed onto slide 6. Add cover slip and look under 10x obj. |
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Ascites
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an increase in intra-abdominal fluid
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Palpate the abdominal organs
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bladder
spleen kidney lrg intestine sm intestine stomach liver mesenteric lymph nodes |
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Anal Sacs
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located at 4 and 8 o'clock on the rectum
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Musculoskeletal Exam
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-observe pt. walking into room
-look for symetry in muscle tone note any pain on jint motion or crepitus -palpate dorsal spine of each vertebrae noting pain |
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Bladder
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should feel fluid filled or fluctuant
abnormalities-stones, tunors, excessive firmness due to infection |
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Uterus
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cannot be palpated in normal female
-only in pregnancy, pyo and neoplasia |
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Cervix
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Can be plapated during pregnancy and certain times during estrus
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Cryptorchid
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no testicles in scrotum
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monorchid
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one testicle in scrotum
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Mammary glands
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note any lumos and location of them
check for pain and swelling presence of milk mammary tumors can be avoided by having your pet spayed |
