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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which fly transmits nagana and African sleeping sickness?
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Tsetse fly
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What is myiasis?
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An infestation of host tissue by fly larvae
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What are spiracles and on what species are they seen?
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tracheal openings; seen in bots
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Chocliomyia homnivorax is what type of arthropod? What life stage is important to know?
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primary screwworm; larval stage causes myiasis
affects cattle, sheep |
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Name the two cattle grubs studied.
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Hypoderma lineatum
Hypoderma bovis |
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What bot fly genera most commonly affects horses?
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Gasterophilus spp.
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How are bot flies transmitted to horses?
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adult flies lay eggs on horse (usually on legs); horse ingests eggs and larvae hatch out once inside the horse
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What is the sheep nasal bot?
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Oestrus ovis
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What bot greatly affects rodents and rabbits?
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Cuterebra spp.
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Sand flies transmit what disease?
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Leishmania
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Tabanidae are what group of flies and what is important to know about them?
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Horse flies and deer flies; they have biting/slashing mouthparts
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What are the 2 main types of lice?
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biting/chewing lice
sucking lice |
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T/F: birds are mainly infested with Mallophaga (chewing lice)
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True; sucking lice are found on mammals
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What is characteristic of Mallophaga body morphology?
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head is larger than body
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What group of lice infest mammals? (scientific name)
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Anoplura (sucking lice)
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T/F: Anoplura infestations occur mainly in the spring
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False; they occur mainly in the winter
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Pediculus humanus capitis is what type of arthropod?
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Human head louse
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Are human head lice chewing or sucking lice?
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head lice are sucking lice
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Human head lice can live off the host for how long?
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Only about a week or less.
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Human head lice are transmitted by what species?
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Other humans; head lice are not transmitted by pets or other mammals
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In the U.S. is a dog more likely to have dog fleas or cat fleas?
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Cat fleas; dog fleas are rare in the US
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Where do adult fleas spend most of their life?
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on the animal (metabolically permanent parasite)
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Where are flea larvae most often found?
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deep in carpet fibers in damp, dark areas with little foot movement
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How long after laying do flea eggs hatch?
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2-5 days
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How many days before flea larvae pupate?
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7-10 days
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How many days before flea pupae turn into adults?
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1-2 weeks
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How long is the total flea life cycle?
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28 days (but can be shorter in warmer weather)
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Ctenocephalides felis is what common parasite?
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cat flea
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What conditions are required for flea eggs to hatch?
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heat, CO2, vibrations (vacuuming)
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How many eggs can a female flea lay in a day? lifetime?
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50eggs/day; 2000eggs/lifetime
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What do flea larvae feed on?
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flea poop (albumin from digested blood)
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T/F: freezing kills only the larvae and pupae of the cat flea
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False; freezing kills all life stages
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Where do fleas live during the winter?
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on wildlife (at the base of the hair shaft), indoors, under buildings
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Put these tick life cycle phases in order: egg, nymph, adult, larva
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adult, egg, larva, nymph
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How many legs does a nymph tick have?
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8 legs (4 pairs)
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T/F: an adult tick has six legs
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False; adult ticks have eight legs
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How many legs does a tick larva have?
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6 legs (3 pairs)
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Describe tick paralysis and its treatment.
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ascending, symmetrical paralysis; reversed by removing the tick
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Which species cause tick paralysis?
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Dermacentor spp.
Argas persicus |
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What are some pathologies caused by ticks?
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tick paralysis
blood loss tissue damage (allergy, secondary infection) disease vectors (viruses, rickettsia, bacteria, protozoa) |
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How many hosts are involved in the Boophilus life cycle?
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one host
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How many hosts are involved in the Dermacentor life cycle?
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three hosts
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Which tick has been eradicated in the US? How is this possible?
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Boophilus; one host allowed for easy eradication
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Which tick can live and reproduce indoors?
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Rhipicephalus sanguineus
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What diseases can be transmitted by Riphicephalus sanguineus?
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typhus, babeosis, erlichiosis, Hepatozoon canis (this comes from eating ticks--not the bite)
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Cytauxzoon felis is caused by which tick?
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Dermacentor virabilis (protozoal parasite); fatal, no treatment
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Which life stage of Ixodes scapularis most often transmits Lyme disease?
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nymphs most commonly transmit disease
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What are the clinical signs of Lyme disease in dogs?
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pain, shifting/intermittant lameness, sore, lymphadenopathy, fever
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What is the causitive agent of Lyme disease? What is the vector?
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Borrelia burgdorferi;
Ixodes scapularis, I. pacificus |
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Name the two families of ticks.
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Argasidae (soft ticks)
Ixodidae (hard ticks) |
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Where do ticks lay their eggs?
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On the ground; never lay eggs on the host
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What is questing?
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a behavior of ticks in search of a host
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Which tick type takes a deep bite into host skin--soft or hard?
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Hard ticks deeply penetrate the skin
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Describe the two feeding stages of hard ticks.
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Slow phase: creates blood pool; changes in dermis and gut to allow for expansion
Fast phase: rapid filling of gut |
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T/F: a soft tick will greatly expand during its feeding period
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false: the feed in small amounts multiple times throughout their life
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Argas persicus lives on what animal?
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domestic and wild fowl
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Ornithodoros coriaceus is what type of tick and is found where geographically?
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Soft tick; found on West coast (Pajaroello tick)
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Which tick can infest the external ear canal of horses?
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Otobius megnini (Spinose ear tick)
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Which diseases can be caused by Otobius megnini?
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ruptured tympanic membrane, Q fever, tularemia, RMSF
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Which diseases are caused by Amblyomma americanum?
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STARI (southern tick associated rash infection), tularemia, RMSF, erlichiosis
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Which tick species has an anal groove?
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Ixodes spp. (looks like St. Louis arch)
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Pneumonyssus spp. is what type of parasite and is found where on the host?
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Mite found in lungs of monkeys, nasal passages/sinuses of dogs
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Dermanyssus gallinae is what type of parasite and is found where?
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fowl mite; found in crevices of hen houses/roosts (appear as red dots)
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Ornithonyssus sylviarum and O. bacoti affect what types of animals?
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domestic poultry, wild birds, lab rodents/rabbits
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Which mite is found in the trachea and air sac of small birds? How are they diagnosed?
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Sternostoma tracheacolum; transillumination of the trachea
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What is "walking dandruff"? How is it diagnosed?
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Cheyletiella spp.; Dx by vigorusly combing the animal over a dark surface
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Do Cheyletiella spp. burrow into the host skin?
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No, they are blood suckers that don't burrow
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What is unique about Demodex spp. morphology?
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cigar shape
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Where on the host can Demodex be found? How?
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live in hair follicles and sebaceous glands; found via deep skin scraping while squeezing the skin
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Why are some puppies more prone to Demodex infections?
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inherited T cell deficiency causes mites to grow faster than they are eliminated
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What can be used to treat Demodex?
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Amitraz in 2 week intervals
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What is the cause of "red mange"?
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Demodex spp. infections in the skin of puppies and immunosupressed canids
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To what family do chiggers belong?
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Family Trombiculidae
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Are chiggers burrowing parasites?
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Yes, except larval stages--they are non-burrowing
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Which mite infection is reportable? Which animal is most greatly affected by this mite and what signs caused?
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Psoroptes; Rabbits; causes extreme otitis but can migrate to brain causing CNS signs
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What are ear mites? Do these mites burrow?
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Otodectes cynotis; no, they do not burrow
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T/F Otodectes cynotis are highly contageous
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True; all animals in household should be treated
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What are the clinical signs of an Otodectes infestation?
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brown, waxy exudate in ears; circling; pruritis; secondary infections
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What disease is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei? How is it diagnosed?
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Sarcoptic mange in dogs; deep skin scraping
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T/F Sarcoptes scabiei is zoonotic
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True; found on humans along beltline, between fingers/toes
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A cat with intense pruritis on the pinnae and head may have what type of mite?
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Notoedres cati
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What is the name for the scaly leg mite? What species does it affect?
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Knemidokoptes mutans; fowl
K. pilae; parakeets, coakatiels; lovebirds |
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What are the clinical signs of a Knemidokoptes gallinae infestation?
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depluming and intense irritation
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