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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the two questions you should ask when assessing a cancer patient?
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what is it?
has it spread? |
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what is tumor grading?
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histologic analysis of the tumor; based on cell morphology, number of mitotic figures, invasion of nearby tissues
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will tumor grading always give a definitive diagnosis?
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not always; but is linked to prognosis
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what is tumor staging?
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evaluation of the spread/metastasis of the tumor (extent and severity of disease)
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what are some principles of oncologic surgery?
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wide margins
look for mets first Sx most likely to be curable can be used as a debulking procedure before chemotherapy |
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What are the acute effects of radiation therapy?
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rapidly dividing tissues
moist desquamation, mucositis |
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what are the chronic effects of radiation therapy?
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slow growing tissues
bony sequestrum, cataracts, vasculature issues, CNS signs, |
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What is immunotherapy?
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use of agents that alter the host-cancer relationship via host immune system or by altering the tumor microenvironment/cell/metastatic process
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What are some examples of specific immunotherapy?
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use of tumor specific antigens to target tumor cells
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what are some examples of non-specific immunotherapy?
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activation of host immune system
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What occurs in the G0 phase of the cell cycle?
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nothing--the cell is at rest
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What occurs in the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
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production of proteins and enzymes required for DNA synthesis
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What occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle?
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DNA synthesis
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What occurs in the G2 phase of the cell cycle?
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production of proteins and enzymes required for mitosis
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What occurs in the M phase of the cell cycle?
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mitosis
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What is the mechanism of action of alkylating agents?
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interrupt normal DNA structure (independent of replication)
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In which phase of the cell cycle do alkylating agents work?
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they work in all phases
(non-specific cytotoxicity) |
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What is the mechanism of action of antimetabolites?
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inhibit enzymes and proteins required for DNA synthesis
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In which phase of the cell cycle do antimetabolites work?
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they work in the S phase during DNA synthesis
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What is the mechanism of action of microtubule spindle poisons?
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inhibit proper formation of mitotic spindle apparatus (either polymerization or depolymerization)
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In which phase of the cell cycle do microtubule spindle poisons work?
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they work in the M phase of the cell cycle
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What is the mechanism of action of antineoplastic antibiotics?
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free radical formation, cause intercalation of DNA, prevent synthesis of DNA, inhibit enzymes required for DNA unwinding
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In which phase of the cell cycle do antineoplastic antibiotics work?
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they work in all phases of the cell cycle
(non-specific cytotoxicity) |
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What influence does anatomic compartment have on drug resistance?
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sanctuary sites (eye, prostate, brain) do not have good penetration of drug
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What influence does the tumor microenvironment have on drug resistance?
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poor blood perfusion, high interstitial pressure within a solid tumor prevents drug diffusion into the tumor
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