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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what are the two questions you should ask when assessing a cancer patient?
what is it?
has it spread?
what is tumor grading?
histologic analysis of the tumor; based on cell morphology, number of mitotic figures, invasion of nearby tissues
will tumor grading always give a definitive diagnosis?
not always; but is linked to prognosis
what is tumor staging?
evaluation of the spread/metastasis of the tumor (extent and severity of disease)
what are some principles of oncologic surgery?
wide margins
look for mets
first Sx most likely to be curable
can be used as a debulking procedure before chemotherapy
What are the acute effects of radiation therapy?
rapidly dividing tissues
moist desquamation, mucositis
what are the chronic effects of radiation therapy?
slow growing tissues
bony sequestrum, cataracts, vasculature issues, CNS signs,
What is immunotherapy?
use of agents that alter the host-cancer relationship via host immune system or by altering the tumor microenvironment/cell/metastatic process
What are some examples of specific immunotherapy?
use of tumor specific antigens to target tumor cells
what are some examples of non-specific immunotherapy?
activation of host immune system
What occurs in the G0 phase of the cell cycle?
nothing--the cell is at rest
What occurs in the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
production of proteins and enzymes required for DNA synthesis
What occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle?
DNA synthesis
What occurs in the G2 phase of the cell cycle?
production of proteins and enzymes required for mitosis
What occurs in the M phase of the cell cycle?
mitosis
What is the mechanism of action of alkylating agents?
interrupt normal DNA structure (independent of replication)
In which phase of the cell cycle do alkylating agents work?
they work in all phases
(non-specific cytotoxicity)
What is the mechanism of action of antimetabolites?
inhibit enzymes and proteins required for DNA synthesis
In which phase of the cell cycle do antimetabolites work?
they work in the S phase during DNA synthesis
What is the mechanism of action of microtubule spindle poisons?
inhibit proper formation of mitotic spindle apparatus (either polymerization or depolymerization)
In which phase of the cell cycle do microtubule spindle poisons work?
they work in the M phase of the cell cycle
What is the mechanism of action of antineoplastic antibiotics?
free radical formation, cause intercalation of DNA, prevent synthesis of DNA, inhibit enzymes required for DNA unwinding
In which phase of the cell cycle do antineoplastic antibiotics work?
they work in all phases of the cell cycle
(non-specific cytotoxicity)
What influence does anatomic compartment have on drug resistance?
sanctuary sites (eye, prostate, brain) do not have good penetration of drug
What influence does the tumor microenvironment have on drug resistance?
poor blood perfusion, high interstitial pressure within a solid tumor prevents drug diffusion into the tumor