Veterinary Medical Terminology

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controls the complex activities of the body

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endocrine and central nervous system (CNS)

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acts directly and instantaneously

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central nervous system

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subtle, discharging its secretions slowly into the circulatory system and influencing target organs.

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endocrine system

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made up of ductless glands of internal secretion, their secretions depend on the capillaries and, to a certain extent, the lymph vessels, for this function.

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endocrines

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chemical substance secreted by endocrine gland.

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Hormone

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master gland attached to base of brain that exercises control over other endocrine glands, also called the “orchestra leader” and “master gland”

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Pituitary gland or hypohysis

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the saddle-shaped depression in which the pituitary gland lies.

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Sella turcica

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membrane covering the brain.

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Dura mater

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an extension of the dura mater that helps protect the pituitary gland.

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Pituitary Diaphragm

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a stem-like portion of the pituitary gland, that extends through the diaphragm and provides a connection to the hypothalamus portion of the brain.

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Pituitary stalk

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funnel-shaped passage with neural tracts from hypothalamus of brain to pituitary gland.

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Infundibulum

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made up of two separate glands with different embryonic origins and functions.

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pituitary gland

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anterior lobe of pituitary gland

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Adenohypophysis

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posterior lobe of pituitary gland.

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Neurohypophysis

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growth hormone (GH) secreted by acidophils and anterior pituitary gland.

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Somatotropin

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body

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Somato

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nourishment

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Tropin

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thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH) of anterior pituitary gland that promotes growth and development of thyroid gland and stimulates it to secrete thyrocine and triiodothyronine, the two major hormones of thyroid gland.

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Thyrotropic

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pituitary hormones that influence gonads

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Gonadotropic hormone

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(FSH) anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates growth of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogen in female and development of seminiferous tubules and sperm cells in male.

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Follicle-stimulating hormones

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(LH) anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates formation of corpus luteum and progesterone in female and development and secretion of testosterone in interstitial cells of testes

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Luteinizing hormone

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(ICSH) stimulates development and secretion of testosterone in the interstitial cells of the testes of the male.

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Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

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pituitary hormone responsible for mammary gland development and milk production in pregnancy

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Prolactin or Lactogenic

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hormone of anterior pituitary gland that promotes growth and development of adrenal cortex and stimulates cortex to secrete glucocoricoids.

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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or adrenocorticotropin

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anterior pituitary hormones, stimulate formation of melanin pigment in the skin and hair.

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Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

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hormone secreted by posterior pituitary that stimulates water reabsorption by distal and collection kidney tubules (also called vasopressin)

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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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hormone of posterior lobe of pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during parturition

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Oxytocin

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paired bilateral glands, located near the trachea below the larynx.

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Thyroid glands

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gelatinous substance in follicles of thyroid gland that contains hormone secreted by thyroid.

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Colloid

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main function of the thyroid

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secretion of two iodine-laden hormones.

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essential element of thyroid hormone

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Iodine

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one of the two iodine-laden hormones making up thyroid hormone whose main function is to regulate metabolic rate and processes of growth and tissue differentiation

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Thyroxine (T4)

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second of two hormones that make up thyroid hormone containing less iodine than thyroxine but having the same function.

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Triodothyronine (T3)

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iodine in thyroid hormone combines with protein in the blood.

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Protein-bond iodine (PBI)

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secreted by the thyroid gland which produces a decrease in the concentration of calcium in the blood helping maintain the balance of calcium necessary for a variety of bodily processes.

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Calcitonin

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means along side or next to.
There are usually two on each side, in close proximity to the thyroid gland and embedded in its posterior surface

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Para

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parathyroid gland secretion that regulates calcium and phosphorus content of blood and bone.

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Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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glands located near the kidney (also called suprarenal glands.)
Composed of two distinct parts

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Adrenal gland

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outer portion of adrenal gland that secretes mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and some estrogen.

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Cortex

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inter portion of adrenal glands producing epinephrine and norepinephrine.

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Medulla

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Three zones of cortex

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Zona glomeculosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis

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adrenocortical steroid that affects sodium and potassium balance

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Mineralocorticoid

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group of adrenocortical steroids that are concerned with protein fat, and carbohydrate metabolism and aid body in resisting stress.

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Glucocorticoids

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secreted in small amounts by the inner zone of the adrenal cortex

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Sex hormone

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adrenal medulla hormone, which stimulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands, to assist body in meeting stress.

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Adrenaline or epinephrine

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hormone secreted by adrenal medulla

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Norepinephrine or noradrenaline

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small gland located near base of brain.

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Pineal body

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part of the gastrointestinal system, secretes insulin into the circulation.

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Pancreas

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specialized pancreatic cells secreting insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) into circulation.

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Islands (islets) of langerhans

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increases blood glucose levels

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Glucagon

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plays a role in producing glycagon and gastric juices and has been identified as having additional functions in digestion and metabolism.

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Pancreatic polypeptide (PP)

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disease caused by pituitary hypersecretion of growth hormone after completion of bone development, characterized by enlargement of bones of the front and rear feet and face.

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Acromegaly

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life-threatening condition of adrenal insufficiency characterized by severe weakness, low blood pressure, anorexia, digestive disturbance, bradycardia, and altered sodium-potassium balance.

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Addison’s disease

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inflammation of adrenal glands

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Adrenalitis

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lack or loss of appetite; symptom in some endocrine disorders

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Anorexia

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pituitary basophilism, with excessive secretion of adrenocortical hormone, characterized by potbellied appearance, alopecia, increased thirst and urination, muscle wasting and the skin.

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Cushing’s syndrome

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metabolic disorder characterized by polyuria and polydipsia resulting from insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

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Diabetes insipidus

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metabolic disease caused by absolute or relative lack of insulin; signs include increased thirst and urination and sugar in urine (glucosuria).

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Diabetes mellitus

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hyperfunction of parathyroid of primary type resulting from neoplasms or unknown causes and secondary type because of metabolic disorder, producing calcium imbalance in bodily systems, with osteoporosis and deposition of calcium in tissues.

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Hperparathyroidism

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Overproduction of thyroid hormone, especially common in older cats.

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Hyperthyroidism

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developmental disorder caused by inadequate secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, resulting in sexual immaturity and decreased functional activity of gonads in males and females.

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Hypoparathyroidism

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underfunction of thyroid gland

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Hypothyroidism

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excessive thirst; symptom of diabetes.

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Polydipsia

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excessive urination; symptom of diabetes

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Polyuria

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muscle spasm and cramp; symptom of hypoparathyroidism

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Tetany

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inflammation of thyroid gland

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Thyroditis

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any disease or disorder of thyroid gland

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Thyropathy

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test for adrenal function

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ACTH

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blood plasma test to measure levels of cortisol to detect diseases of adrenal glands

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Cortisol test

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test of adrenocortical function

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Dexamethasone suppression test

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test T3 and T4 thyroxine-binding globulin

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Thyroid hormone tests

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anterior pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) injected to determine whether thyroid problems result from pituitary or thyroid dysfunction.

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Thyroid stimulation test

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congested heart failure

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CHF

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hit by car

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HBC

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daily

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q.d.

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polyuria and polydipsia

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PU/PD

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urinalysis

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UA

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American Kennel Club

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AKC

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Central nervous system

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CNS

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Patent ductus arteriosus

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PDA

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Physician’s Desk reference

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PDR