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226 Cards in this Set
- Front
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3yr dog. hx excessive hair loss. bact derm. hot spots. pruritis with alopecia.
PE tail head alopecia with pruritis and erythema. lichinification with pigmentation and flea dirt |
FAD
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hx red eye with cloudy cornea. bumping into things. green reflection from the eye.
PE corneal edema, episclera hyperemia. Dilated pupils with sluggish PLR IOP >30mmhg |
glaucoma with blindness
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hx sicko with wt loss. ascitis pu/d. blindness
PE dehydrated poor bcs. pallor swollen abd poor haircoat. data-tortuous retinal vessels. bp >180 nonreg anemia + chol,phosph,prot/creat -alb,ca metabolic acidosis AU-proteinuria |
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
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HX toy breed dog. middle aged. honking recurrent cough with cyanosis or syncope.
PE dry cough on palp of trachea |
collapsing trachea
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hx cat with oral lesion above the lips. ptyalism, dysphagia,halitosis. FeLV+
eosinophelia |
EGC eosinophillic granuloma complex
rat mouth |
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hx hard fecal balls. painful defecation. prolonged contipation results in anorexia,lethargy,wt loss or prejectile vomiting
PE poor bcs. dehydrated. colon distension w hard feces on abd palp. perineal irritation. rectal perineal hernia hard feces pelvic narrow |
CONSTIPATION
OBSTIPATION MEGACOLON |
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hx dog with ascending paralysis but wags tail. flacid face, - patellar lux
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botulism
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hx 8yr fs feline.
weakness,lethargy, anorexia bruxism,v/d, ascitis, splenomeg,melena PE 5mm pink or white alopecic plaque on the skin LN not swollen pale mm has pimple like lesion on head or neck abd- thick int loops,lg spleen, pain |
MCT
mast cell tumor |
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hx middle aged dog HL weakness. doesnt want to climb stairs. unilat or bilat lameness. urinary or fecal incontinence.
PE lack of HL CP. +patellar reflex. -perineal reflex. atropy of sciatic innervation, hamstrings,gastroc and tibialis mm rads- spondylosis deformans |
LS STENOSIS
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hx pu/pd. polyphagia.wt loss despite good app
hyperactive nervousness v/d,tachypnea,weakness,leth dec grooming and heat avoidance PE poor bcs,unkempt hair coat dehydration and cardiac changes systolic ht murmur,arrythmia palpable thyroid gld data stress leukogram with erythrocytosis azotemia with +phosph cardiomeg with pulm edema arrythmias at or vent bp>180 high T4 |
hyperthyroidism
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hx cat w ocular discharge and redness. occasional anorexia. nasal discharge, sneezing
ocular signs: blepharospasm,chemosis,conjuctivitis,serous or mucopurulent discharge |
Chlamydisosis
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hx malassimilation with wt loss.anorexia w v/d,melena hematoemesis hematochezia.
PE thin unkempt. anemia,hyperpnea,tachycardia -ca abd lymph nodes enlarged lg spleen, thick intestinal loops +BM FNA +BX of ln |
GI lymphoma
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hx dermatitis doesn't respond to AB. elephante like skin. lichinification
PE pruritis, erythema, scaling, greasy and saliva stained. pigmented date: cytologic skin exam ss-,dtm- -metabolic dz (DM,HAC,hyperthy) |
malassezia dermatitis
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hx cat with peripheral lymphadenopathy
data anemia -plt,neuts +liv and renal enz rad-mass on lung,liv an/or spleen u/s swollen gi ln BM blast cells |
lymphoma
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PE wt loss emaciation. thick int loops. ascitis and periph edema. soft stool on rectal.
data- -alb,glob,chol,ca,mg +liv enz reg anemia rad pleural effusion- pure transudate -folate and cobolamin abnormal proteinase alpha 1 |
PLE protein loosing enteropathy
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hx cough wheeze resp distress.
PE cough on tracheal palp rad mass lesion on R caud lobe, bulla pneumothorax patterns nodular interstial pattern,alveolar infiltrates +eosinoph |
lung worms
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PE nasal and ocular discharge
submandibular ln enlarged nonprod hacking cough results in terminal retch |
kennel cough (bordetellosis)
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hx collapse, pale mm,inc rr and hr,ecchymosis, melena,icterus
data -plt blood smear schistocytosis coag profile +pt,aptt,fdp -fibrinogen,antithrombin 3 |
DIC
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hx cat unilat or bilat nasal discharge.submand ln enlarged. multifocal renal dz and ocular dz.retinal detachement,chorioretinitis. optic neuritis
rads- interst and nodular pattern. nasal bony lysis and proliferation lesions assoc with pigeon droppings eye,lungs,cns |
cryptococcosis
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hx fever,+bronchovesicular sounds. wt loss regurg. salivation. pain upon eating.had anesthesia recently of fb removal
data- infl leukogram rad air/food seen in eso. barium fluid backup in eso endoscopy eso red and constricted midway |
esophageal stricture
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hx seizure weakness collapse
mm twitch disoriented restless PE overwt hx of low BG data -BG -fructosamine +insulin u/s mass on pancrease |
insulinoma
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hx inc rr,excercise intol
auscult crackles,wheeze, bronchovesicular sounds data infl leukogram,+eosinoph rad bronchial and peribronch pattern. alveolar pattern. lobar consolidation hwt neg fecal neg resp wash +neuts and eosinph |
EBP eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy
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hx young dog. gagging,retching,regurg
small and thin, was weaned and cant swallow hard food. |
cricopharyngeal achalasia
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hx lesion on nasal planum generalized scaling. cobblestone apperence to skin on nose. see scales, crust and vescicles
BX lymphocytes rich interface dermatitis |
CLE cutaneous lupus erythematosus
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hx asynchronous chest wall movt during resp. trauma HBC. hypoxemia and resp distress
rad pulm contussion w pneumothorax rib fx oximeter ox<80 co2>50 |
Flail chest
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hx acute onset of regurg. drinks water but not food. sicko w abd pain.
PE fever,dysphagia w gagging,dyspnea data- signs of fb rad fb over ht base, mediastinal widening w pleural effusion |
eso fb w perforation
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hx geriatric dog w swollen FL and lame. mass in thorax
PE pitting edema,swollen hard FL and -ROM data -plt rad palisade of periosteal new bone, mass in thorax |
HOP hypertrophic osteopathy
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hx abnormal lung sounds like crackles and wheezes
predominatly exp distress |
pulmonary parenchymal dz
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hx arthritis,fever, lg LN
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BLARE (babesia,lepto,anaplasma,rmsf,erhlichia)
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hx pu/pd/pp
data +BG,metabolic acidosis,osmol,liv enz,chol -na,k,mg UA ketone bodies +PLI ketonemia |
DKA
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hx dsh w fever,anorexia,lethargy,dyspnea. |
cytauxzoonosis |
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hx obese 7yr cat
pu/pd/pp with plantigrade HL poor grooming, cataracts and lethargic data bg>200 +chol,alp,ast UA usg>1.025 ketouria u/s lg liv mass on AG |
DM w concurrent cushings dz
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hx pollakiruria,stranguria/dysuria,hematuria, malodorous urine, perivulvular dermatitis
PE painful urethra on rectal u/s thick bladder wall |
bacterial cytitis
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hx chronic vomit w melena - hematoemesis
anorexia wt loss. pain restlessness PE poor bcs. abd pain w abd mass data nonreg anemia +bun rad wnl u/s enlarged LN |
gastric neoplasia
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hx pt had anesthesia recently. ptyalism, vomit and regurg
data cbc bcp ua wnl rads eso dilation contrast rad mucosal ulceration and hyperplasia. dec eso motility |
esophagitis
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hx cat was on diet and lost more then 25% of bw
lethargy,vomit and constipation PE head ventroflexed, lg liv,ptyalism seborrhea pale mm,dehyd mm wasting data normocystic,normochrom anemia w acanthocytes elliptocytes stress leukogram +neut mp ,bili,ammonium,alt,alp,ggt,pt -eosin lymphs,bg,alb,fibrinogen +bile acids u/s hyperechoic liv parenchyma |
hepatic lipidosis
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hx sicko pu/pd abd distension jaundice
PE cran abd mass lg liver data anemia with pancytopenia +alp,alt,ast,bile acids rads- caudal lat gastric displacemt u/s target lesion renal hyperechoic rim peritoneal fluid- neoplastic cell exfoliates FNA and bx + |
malignant hepatic neoplasia
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hx abd distension, ascitis. hepatic encephalopathy HE, bleeding disorder hematoemesis.
PE icterus,poor bcs, HE,ascitis dataa non reg anemia + alt,ast,alp,ggt,bili,glob,bili -alb,BG,bun,chol UA bilirubiuria,ammonium biurate crystals,bile acids u/s sm liv normal cbc and hepatic vessels abdominocent pure transudate or modified transudate |
chronic hepatitis
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bedlington terrier
hx lethargy vomiting and abd distention signs of hepatic failure w hemalitic anemia data +liv enz |
copper assoc hepatopathy
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hx spaniel with swollen eyes. ocular pain, photophobia,blepharospasm and tearing
PE conj hyperemia engorgement of vessels peripheral corneal vasculaiztions ant uveitis data STT>15mm/min -flourescene stain cytology no neoplasia r/o 3 |
scleritis caused by conjuctivitis,glaucoma,uveitis
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hx lethargy, anorexia wt loss
v/m w melena pu/pd icterus coagulopathy abd distension PE wt loss w mm wasting. sm liver acanthocytes nonreg anemia -bun,alb,chol,bg,na,k +alp,ast,ggt,ast UA ammonium biurate crystals u/s nodular hyperechoic |
cirrhotic/ fibrosing liver dz
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hx winter time, dog looks like drunken sailor
vomit low bt,bp, empty urinary bladder data +osmolality>20,anion gap >25 u/s renal cortex echogenicity ua crystals caoxalates look like pyramids and picket fence woods lamp + urine |
EG ethylene glycol
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hx lameness of FL. gets worse after exercise
-ROM at elbow crepitation or effusion at elbow r/o 3 |
OCD osteochondrosis dissecan
FCP fragmeneted medial coronoid process UAP ununited anconeal process |
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hx 4mos puppy
swollen face, muzzle and eye lids PE acute swollen face, vescicles pustules around face and muzzle Swollen LN |
Juvenile cellulitis puppy strangles
staph infection |
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hx vomit lethargy wt loss diarrhea v/d
pu/pd,ptyalism PE inc hr,rr, lg liv,icterus abd pain u/s GB stellate intraluminal pattern and non gravity dependent content ascitis GB full data +neuts,liver enz,chol,glob -alb,k rad serosal detail decreased,cholelithiasis au- bilirubinuria, abd tap bilirubin 2x that of the blood |
gallbladder rupture or mucocele
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hx gsh w chronic pancreatitis
wt loss,loose stool,ravenous appetite data blood wnl -TLI |
EPI exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
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hx excessive grooming in cats
ALD/G acral lick dermatitis/granuloma self mutilation psychogenic alopecia cats has hair loss to the HL and flank and not the head trichogram- brocken hair shaft |
licking and barbering behavior disorder
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hx diarrhea >3wks. no appetite wt loss lethargy.
PE poor bcs. ascitis abd pain hydrothorax and periph edema data -alb us hypoechoic GI LN |
IBD
inflamatory bowel dz |
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hx lg breed dog 6mos. soft tz swelling distal FL lameness.
PE fever pain w swollen extremities rad scorbutic line (2nd metaph line) |
HOD
hypertrophic osteodystrophy |
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hx acute renal failure w fever. mm tender w vomiting. pu/pd/ lumbar pain. icterus and hemmorhage
PE petechia fever nasal discharge lung sounds conjuctivitis uveitis hypovolemia data azotemia +phosph,alt,alp,bili AU protein,glucose,granular cast rad lg liver,bronchial and interst signs. medulary rim sign |
leptospirosis
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hx acute weakness, pallor loss of app wt loss hemorrhage. epistaxis
PE dehydration fever tachypnea and dyspnea lg spleen/liv ocular lesion hyphema uveitis chemosis conj data- blood smear -rbc,plt + wbc BM blast cells |
leukemia
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hx 10yr dog cough,restless,abd distenstion,jug pulse,syncope
PE wt loss,weak, inc rr. gallop, jug pulse w fem pulse def. pulm crackles,muff lung sounds,lg liver rads- interstial or alveolar pulm edema, enlarged cvc, ascitis, lg live pleural eff ECG apc or vpc. sinus tach bp>160 b/m. vtach. prolonged and inc voltage QRS TnI>0.2ng/ml |
DCM
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hx pu/pd. loss of house training
percieved as urinary incontinence stupor, disorietion ataxia neuro signs dehydration if animal hasnt had access to water data -Na or K usg < 1.008 |
CDI
central diabetes insipidus |
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hx pu/pd/pp pundulous abd. bruising. clitoris hypertrophy. mm atrophy obese
PE bilat skin alopecia hyperpig w comodone. testicular atrophy pyoderma data stress leukogram +urine cortisol/creatinine |
cushing's dz
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hx male dsh. pale mm. inc rr neuro signs. weak. |
Hemotrophic mycoplasmosis |
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hx 6m free roaming cat. sicko w GI signs v/d
weak dep enlarged LN PE stomatitis,URI, poor haircoat, gingivitis data nonreg anemia pancytopenia rad mediastinal mass and pleural eff |
FeLV
feline leukemia |
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hx chronic sm bowel diarrhea.failure to thrive.
PE stunted growth, poor bcs and coat blood wnl TLI wnl rad and u/s wnl +folate normal cobolamin SI bx villous atrophy w lymph infiltrates |
gluten sensitive enteropathy
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hx kitten 6-24mos. lethargy inapp. wt loss. ascitis w muffled ht sounds
ocular abnormalities irititis hyphema. icterus, enlarged LN., raised interdermal pustules data -lymph,non reg anemia, alb/glob, +neuts,heinz bodeis,glob,liv enz,bili rad pleural eff ascitis abd fluid exudate prot>3.5 cell count 2000 |
FIP
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hx wt loss,dysphagia,regurg
PE poor bcs,melena rad excess gas around eso, mass in lungs barium swallow may show stricture or mass cytology of LN -neoplasia FF +unknown worm |
esophageal neoplasia
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hx murmur open mouth breathing
apc lethargic anorexia vomit PE systolic murmur gallop ventrally dampened lungs sounds (pleural eff) data echo septum >6mm ekg vpc lg QRS amplitude |
HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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hx acute collapse. cough. inc rr, lethargy
PE pericardial effusion- weak peripheral pulse. jug pulse. lg liver dyspnea echo mass between jug and aorta rad doral lat deviation of trachea, globoid pericardial eff ekg sinus tach w sm amp qrs |
ht base tumor
chemodectoma |
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hx anorexia. lethargy,resp dyspnea
spont pneumothorax,cough exercise intol PE tachycard,inc rr and hr diminished lung sounds bilat sc emphysema |
emphysema and pulm bullae
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hx sudden onset mentation change, vocalization and seizure
PE disoriented, dep, obtundant, hypermetria, intention tremors blood -AT3, alb +blood viscosity signs of PLN |
vascular encephalopathy
stroke or infarct |
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hx v/d pale mm, abd pain dep leth melena hematoem
PE poor bcs. rectal-dark blood palp abd mass reg anemia +neuts -alb,protein,na,k,cl meta alkalosis u/s thick sto wall or pylorus. severe GB dilation mets to liv LN basal gastric acid test + |
gastrinoma
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hx v/d wt loss. abd pain. flatulence.
PE urticaria, angioedema anaphylaxis pruritis to face,ears,ventrum trunck feet cat -miliary dermatitis conj data +eosinophis ua proteinuria TLI wnl GI BX -lymphs,plasma cells eosinophils to LP of GI -bile acids skin/serum allergen test not conclusive |
Food allergy
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hx dog w ocular discharge.ticks. limping. lg liv and spleen. uveitis neuro signs- ataxia, anisocora
sc edema, arrhythmia,fever data -plt,neuts +mono,eosinoph,lymph,glob,alt,alp,prot/creat rad-polyarthritis |
E.canis
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hx geriatric dog. spinal pain and fever. anorexia,wt loss,dep
PE some degree of paraparesis +wbc urinalysis bacterial cystitis rad collapse of vert disc space IVD, proliferation of bony changes to ivd, sclerosis of bony margin collapsed ivd w vert endplate erosion brucella + |
diskospondylisis
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hx red eye w mucopurulent discharge
PE corneal pigmentation w vascular ulcers data STT <5mm/min (normal >15mm/min) |
kcs
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hx acute NM disorder. mm tremors, nervous panting tetany
PE tachyarrythmia, soft ht sounds, weak pulse, stiff gait tense rigid abd |
hypocalcemia
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hx straining to deficate >72hr, sm amt diarrhea w mucus and fresh blood. inc freq of defication w sm amt of feces
PE no signs of systemic dz ex wt loss,unthrift. rectal fresh blood FF parasites,bact and/or giardia bact like SEC salm,e.coli, campy tritrichomonas,giardia,whipworms |
acute colitis
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hx pu/pd wt loss poor hair v/d anorexia
data glucosuria, ketoneuria, normal BG metabolic acidosis +cl,azotemia |
fanconi syndrome
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hx hbc, resp dyspnea, v/d, difficulty lying down, abd distension, sicko
PE cardiac arrythmia w muffled ht sounds. borborygmi in thorax. hyporesonence in thorax. rad loss of diaph line and card silohoutte, dorsal displ of lung fields, pleural eff,prescence of gas in thorax |
diaphragmatic hernia
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hx choppy short strided forelimbs gait
patellar reflexes inc neck pain when move side to side |
CSM
cervical spondylomyelopathy |
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hx acute onset weakness and collapse |
hemangiosarcoma |
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hx puppy w lethargy,ocular dz, keratitis,conj, uveitis
cough,v/d, seizures,ataxia, cns dz PE dental hypoplasia w hard pad mucopurulent nasal discharge w lound lung sounds myoclonus-rhytmic twiches chewing gum fits resp,neuro,GI signs absolute lymphopenia rad interstial pattern, bronchopneumia |
CDV canine distemper virus
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hx vomit, anorexia ptyalism dep wt loss
rad plication of int w eccentric coma shaped intraluminal gas bubble, tear drop shaped of SI loops infl signs -k,BG,Na abdominocent peritonitis |
fb linear gastrointestinal
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hx mass around teeth
gingival mass raised coliflower like bx fibroblast periodontal ligament tumor |
epulids
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hx hematoemesis w melena. cns signs. on cox inh meds.
PE praying position, pale mm rectal bloody glove-melena anemia micro -hypoch +bun/creat rad loss of sto detail w free peritoneal gas u/s crater like sto wall w abd fluid -gi motility abdominocent -GI content |
Perforated gastric ulcer
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hx nonseasonal pruritis, recurrent pyoderma, otitis ext
poor response to GC tx prolonged exposure to poor quality dog foods PE lesions of face, axilla,inguinal area,ears pyotramatic dermatitis. some pt only ear pruritis data ss neg no fleas dtm - yeast+ microbes+ 3wks of hypoallergic diet eliminates pruritis |
DAFR
dermatologic adverse food reaction food allergy dermatitis |
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hx middle aged dog. weak lethargic. v/d collapse. regurg wt loss
PE dec hr,moribund,wt loss, anorexia data normocytic normochrom anemia -na +k meta acidosis |
Addison dz
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hx acute neuro signs
nonpainful or cry in pain neuro deficits to either CN,FL,HL csf tap wnl myelogram focal intramedullary swelling,no spinal cord compression MRI signs of spinal cord ischemia |
FCE
fibrocartilaginous embolism |
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hx male middleaged neutered cat. dysuria,pollakiuria or periurina
UA usg>1.035,proteinuria,urinarycrystals rad sm bladder, no stones |
FLUTD
feline lower urinary tract dz |
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hx middle aged cat. wt gain, dull, bilat alopecia trunk,cold intolerance
hyperkeratosis,thin hair,seborrhea,hyperpigmentation,otitis,rat tail,pyoderma cns signs retain puppy coat or dwarf PE dec spinal reflex ocular dz-lipid deposits arrhthmia constipation. dec CP data normochromic normocytic nonreg anemia +lipid,chol,liv enz, creat |
hypothyroid
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hx 8yr cat w good appetite. poor grooming.v/d. tachpnea. seeks cool area.
PE dehyd. poor hair coat and bcs. systolic murmur. retinal blood vessel dz data stress leukogram +liv enz,bun,creat,phosph,bili +T4 rad cardiomeg w pulm edema ekg sinus tach |
hyperthyroidism
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hx 8yr gsh w progressive weakness of HL.
drags nails no CP severe paraparesis or paraplegia disuse atrophy urinary and fecal incontinence rad no ivdd or stenosis hips ok name ddx |
degenartive myelopathy
ddx ivdd type2,myelitis(infl of spinal cord),spinal cord neoplasia,chd,ls stenosis,orthopedic dz |
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hx retching,vomit /regurg. ptyalism anorexia
cervical vert swelling, sc emphysema PE rapid shallow breathing consistent with pneumothorax,or pyotho moist rales on aus dehyd cbc neut leukocytosis rads eso fb, air within periesophageal tz, pneumomediastinum,pneumotho,pleural eff, asp pneumonia,pleural eff cytology + |
eso perforation
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hx middle aged dog. slow growing mass on mouth,skin or spleen
fna malignant fibroblast rads pulm mets abd u/s mas on spleen |
fibrosarcoma
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hx owner remodeling home. v/d. abd discomfort. regurg. wt loss and anemia.behavior change.
PE acute lethargy,anorexia.mm tremors seizures.Gi and neuro signs data nRBC basophillic stippling rad radiopaque line in epiphysis |
lead tox
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hx dog traveled from europe,africa asia.
wt loss,eye lesion,exercise intolerance lameness,epistaxis PE lg spleen and LN.ulcertative skin lesion of pina and face.misosis photophobia uveitis data +wbc,glob -plt,alb azotemia UA prot/creat>.5, isothenuria w proteinuria |
leishmania
vector born dz transmitted in MP by sandflies,found in the USA |
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hx acute onset sneezing. pawing at face stridor, halitosis. hemoptysis- chronic use of Ab for c/s
PE glass slide over nostril,only one nostril flows. stridor wheeze. fever muffled ht sounds rhitits rads non cardiogenic pulm edema. intranasal soft tz opacity. lung consolidation w bronchopn- alveolar interst signs cytology- neuts,deg neut w bact |
fb in resp tract
nasal,trachea,lung/bronchial,intrapleura |
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hx geriatric dog tenesmus dyschezia
v/d regurg wt loss melena, hematoemesis gastric dilation PE abd pain, peritonitits distended bowel loops data anemia, lg LN u/s gi mass ussually spl,gi,urogenital tract |
leiomyosarcoma-malignant
leiomyoma-benign form smooth mm tumor |
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hx dz of dog and cats
in cats transmitted by fleas and dogs by ticks nose bleeds PE uveitis,enlgarged LN, ht murmur,lameness,stomatitis fever,neuro changes,lg spleen vasculitis |
bartonellosis cat scratch fever
bartonella henselae bacteria pleomorphic aerobic gram neg rod, infects rbc and EC cells |
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hx gradual thinning of hair coat
prone to follicular plugging and 2nd bact inf trichogram lg melanin clumps causing distortion and fx of hair shaft |
canine follicular dysplacia
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hx
drooling L side of mouth dropped ear L ptosis L absent MR L absent Palpebral reflex data blood wnl otoscope wnl stt <15mm/min thyroid panel wnl |
idiopathic facial nn paralysis
r/o thyroid dz,otitis media w ear polyps |
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hx young boxer w fresh mucoid diarrhea wt loss tenesmus.
PE lg mess LN,uveitis w neuro signs ex paresis and head tilt. data blood wnl u/s colonic thickenign with lg mess lN mucosal bx histiocytes or granulomatous infl colonic scrape mo and MP ddx 6 |
granulomatous enteritis/colitis
ddx prototheca pythium histoplasma fungal algea e.coli |
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hx seizures
blood wnl |
idiopathic epilepsy
r/o uremic encephalopathy hepatic encephalopathy renal hepatic dz hypocalcemia stroke -BG |
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hx severe vomiting, anox/dep
PE abd pain,dehyd,dep data +bun,usg>1.030,creat -Na,cl,k metabolic acidosis rad GI loops >1.6height of 5th lumbar vert or 2x with of rib |
GI obstruction
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hx lg breed 6m puppy. bunny hopping gait
HL lameness clicking sound in pelvic jt PE pain on extension and abduciton of HL hip jt lax poor HL musculature |
CHD
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hx changes in ocular signs
PE myosis 3rd eye lid prolapse enophthalmos data 10% phenylephrine cause mydriasis in less than 20min |
post ganglionic horners syndrome
phenyleph test >20min pregang >45 min cns |
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hx insp stridor
cough gagging voice change dyspnea tachycardia PE open mouth breathing crackles and wheeze data 1mg/kg of doxapram doesnt open the larynx |
laryngeal paralysis
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hx dog w acute dilated pupils and GI signs
vomit regurg diarrhea photophobia, dilated pupils cherry eye dry eyes and muc mm no PLR,dilated bladder,lung crackles, dec HR cachexia u/s lack of GI motility ocular pilocarpine test + pupils constrict atropine test - no change in HR |
dysautonomia
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hx geriatric d/c
disorientation change in social behavior needier and more aloof forget housetraining sleeps more PE wt loss |
CDS
cognitive dysfunction syndrome |
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hx
unpleasent appearing haircoat or foul odor generalized waxy or scaly coat pruritis unless has parasites or dermatitis PE alopecia w dry scales,hyperkeratotic patches folicular cast patches of hair stuck like paint brush, dandruff scales on skin bc altered epidermal turnover |
cornification disorder
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hx white/yellow opacity noted in ventral anterior chamber, conj, hyperemia uveitis
PE creamy white keel boat opacity pupils dont dilate readily |
hypopyon
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hx tenesmus dyschezia >3wks
inc freq and urgency of defication mucus and blood in stool PE so systemic dz or swollen mess LN altered appetite rectal- hematochezia |
chronic colitis
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hx common spectrum of innate or acquired pigmentary abnormalities of skin and hair
freq exposure to sun, infl puritis PE skin erythema,infl lichinificaiton, uveitis,myositis, deafness lg LN |
color disorder of skin and haircoat
ddx post infl,metabolic dz, acquired,vitiligo, nutrition |
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hx changes in behavior
seizures, dullness,disorientation PE domed head eye position ventral lat dysmetria, ataxia, circling |
hydrocephalus
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PE
piting edema of head neck weakness, tachycardia, arrythmia muffled ht sounds, pericard eff jugular venous distension |
cran vena cava syndrome
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hx insp stridor, voice change, cough dyspnea
collapse, ptyalism cyanosis PE weakness |
laryngeal mass
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hx female canine that gave birth recently. puppies dont want to nurse.
PE firm swollen mammary gland. purulent discharge leth dehyd fever |
mastitis
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hx female dog with ulcerated lump at mammary gland
it can be attached to mm or ulcerated swollen inguinal LN PE multiple nodules that inc in size with ill defined borders pain,infl edema |
mammary gland tumor
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hx dog
ataxia,cns dep,tremors and vomiting PE bradycardia,hypothermia,mydriasis vomiting urinary incontinence or dribbling weakness ataxia hyperesthesia,hypersalivation,recumbancy,tachycar |
mariJ tox
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hx dog
dec activity and lethargy change in bark more high pitched drooling, dysphagia wt loss, fever lg LN PE swollen masticatory mm exophthamos and pt cant blink completely if condition chronic enophthalmos and mm atrophy trismus data leukocytosis +globulin, hepatic enz,ck |
MM
masticatory myositis |
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hx herding dogs, collies and shepherd
sensitive to drugs like ivermec,cerenia,diazepam,butorph and ace. |
MDR1 mutation
cause enhanced sensitivity to certain drugs |
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hx
inappetence,leth,pu/pd cough,dyspnea,facial neck forelimb swelling PE fever edema of neck and FL regurg,tho pain, inc percussion of tho, muffled ht sounds rads- visualize branches of aorta, sc emphysema +ca |
mediastinal dz
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hx
regurg, coughing and drooling PE fever pulm edema wt loss bellows like action at thoracic inlet data infl |
megaesophagus
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hx
mass in the mouth seen during dental halitosis and ptyalism mass on nail bed PE irregular mass with pigmentation or amelonotic |
melanoma
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hx 8yr dog
neuro signs behavior change,circling paresis,ataxia and neck pain PE seizures,postural rxn deficits with wide stance CN def,hypermetria,spinal pain |
menigioma
Depending on location cerebral - seizures, behavior change brainstem- CN def cerebellar- hypermetria, broad based stance spinal- paresis ataxia spinal pain |
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hx
acute onset of hematochezia, abd pain and abd distension PE hypovol shock, pale mm,tachycardia, +crt, weakness collapse gas filled int loops rads- severely distend SI loops with poor abdominal detail bc of peritoneal fluid -proteinemia,k abdominocent early mod transudate then septic exudate |
mesenteric volvulus
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hx dyspnea, cough abd distention
pulm effusion,wt loss, cardiac tamponade RCHF PE holding breath opened mouth breathing, muffled ht sound,jug distention. fluid line ventrally "hyporesconence ventrally on tho" data blood wnl u/s: fluid in abd,heart, and pleural space |
mesothelioma
neoplasia of mesodermal origin that may arise from the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal surfaces covering of the lung,ht,GI |
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hx
restless, mm tremors, seizures vomiting PE tachycardia,tachypnea,hypersalivation,v/d hyperthermia data acidosis +ck,myoglobinuria |
metaldehyde tox
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hx
anorexia leads to ataxia. seizures and head tilt. has been treated by unknown med for 2wks PE ataxia,depression, ventral nystagmus that change rate when move head |
metronidazole tox
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hx 3yr dog |
microvascular dysplasia,hepatic |
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hx old sm breed dog
cough,tachypnea,dyspnea leth,exercise intol,syncope anorexia abd enlargement PE inc in R wave amp and QRS duration systolic murmur +crt resp crackles,weak fem pulse,pulm edema APC- bloody froth in nose ascitis data echo- thick av valves ekg- atrial fib rads- inc ht size, pulm congestion |
mitral/tricuspid regurg due to myxomatous valve dz
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hx young dog or cat
exerc intol,leth,cough,dyspnea syncope PE left apical systolic murmur pulm crackles and wheeze data rad L atrial enlargmt ekg wide p,at fib,supravent premature complex |
MV dysplasia
mitral valve |
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hx
PE listless, abd pain, inappetence, v/d evidence of hemolytic anemia (pale mm,poor crt,icterus) data blood reg anemia,hemoglobinemia,heinz bodies +bili,liv enz,bun,creat UA hemoglobinuria |
mothball tox
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hx dog w lameness, nose bleeds and skeletal pain
ecchymosis, epistaxis pu/pd cns signs PE skeletal pain or fx wt loss, leth, visual disturbance dep,seizure,abnormal reflex pallor, weak pulse,ht murmur, signs of chf soft tz or bony mass,abd organomeg data cytopenia -plt +calcium,glob,azotemia ua uti fundic exam- retinal detachement rad- lg organs, lytic bony lysis on vert, long bones or scapula |
MM and PCT
multiple myeloma- malignant dz of plasma cells that make glob Ig GAME plasma cell tumors EMP extramedullary plasma cell tumor sOPsolitary osseous plasma cell tumor others |
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hx hbc critically ill pt
PE collapsed dull tachycardia, tachypnea,weak cbc,bcp,ua,coag profile show 2 of the following dic- no coag factors or anticoags AT3 resp failure- low ox <80% cv dysfx- low bp renal dysfx- creat >2-3 Gi dysfx-v/d, sepsis due to bact translocation hepatic dysfx- +liv enz |
MODS
multiorgan dysfunction syndrome- 2 or more organ systems acutely and assoc w a systemic illness. caused by unchecked SIRS (systemic infl response sysndrome) |
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hx 8wk puppy
generalized mm weakness with or without regurg dysphagia PE weakness more sever on PL after 2min of exercise CP normal and no ataxia, no mm atrophy rad megaeso |
MG myasthenia gravis
skeletal mm weakness due to dec of acetylcholine rec at NMJ |
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hx dog with skin lesion,wt loss,leth cough
skin wounds are non painful, fleshy cutaneous nodules with/without ulceration.intermittent serosanguinous discharge from spreading skin lesions esp inguinal fat pads has been tx with ab and doesnt improve data +ca cytology or bx - acidfast bacillus rads masses in tho and abd |
mycobacterium dz
tuberculosis or leprosy |
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hx
anorexia,leth,cough/dyspnea syncope sudden death hbc or cpv PE fever,murmur,lg LN,sk mm weakness signs of chf(jug pulse, pale mm, lg liv/spl,weakness,weak pulse ascitis) data infl leukogram blood culture + +cardiac troponin I rad-pulm edema and cardiomeg ekg bradyarrythmia or tachy arryth ekg AV block,tachyarrythmias, |
myocarditis
infl of ht mm bc of inf,chem, physical etiologies |
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hx
reverse sneezing, nasal discharge facial pruritis and head shaking PE epistaxis |
nasal mites
pneumonyssoides caninum |
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hx geriatric dog or cat
epistaxis,bilat or unilat nasal discharge airflow obstruction with stertor sneezing or rev sneezing PE enlarged mand LN facial deformity pain on palp of eye or opening the mouth data infl leukogram nonreg microcytic anemia +ca +LN FNA |
nasal neoplasia
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hx
nasal discharge,sneezing, stertor dyspnea, dysphagia, gagging headshaking or pawing at ears vestibular signs PE inc insp noice like stertor mucopurulent nasal discharge horners syndrome- miosis,ptosis,enophthalmos and cherry eye data otoscope- bulging tympanic membrane skull rads- thick bulla |
nasopharyngeal polyps
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hx UFC fighter |
necrotizing fasciitis |
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hx yorkie with recent pregnancy or false pregnancy
cns signs (cricling,seizures, vestibular dz, visual deficits) PE neck pain menance deficits, deficits not bilat,abn mentation nasal hypalgesia vestibular dz with nystagmus CSF elevated proteins and lymphocytic pleocytosis |
necrotizing meninoencephalitis
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hx
abd pain, anorex,dep,pu/pd stranguria, vomiting,wt loss PE dehyd, halitosis (uremia) renomeg or sm kidneys data leukocytosis with left shift azotemia, +phosphotemia pyuria,bacteruria,crystalluria u/s acustic shadow in kidney |
nephrolithiasias
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hx 8yr old dog
proteinuria,hypercholesterolemia,edema/effusion UPC>2 bp >180 |
nephrotic syndrome
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hx young dog
dog on inbalanced dog food. lame, stiff gait signs of hypocalcemia,tremors and seizures PE bone palp painful swelling at costochondral junction or metaphysis data +PTH -iCa,vitamin D |
nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism
poor diet stimulates high PTH due to def in absorbed calcium, vitamin D, or ca:p imbalance |
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hx
repetitive behavior that out of context trigger may be spontaneous the pet may hide or become aggressive the behavior may cause self trauma, granuloma,wt loss, change in voice or GI signs |
OCD
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hx sudden blindness of one or both eyes PE fixed or dilated pupil small pale optic disk data IOP wnl direct PLR missing if bilat blindness, consentual PLR works |
optic neuritis |
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hx
swelling of mandible or maxilla oral bleeding halitosis dysphagia PE enlarged LN decreased ability to open mouth |
malignant oral tumor
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hx
SLUDS salivation,lacrimation,urination,def,seizures |
OP and carbamate tox
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hx
acute epistaxis after tooth extraction chronic nasal discharge,sneezing halitosis PE mucopurulent nasal discharge |
oronasal fistula
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hx
reluctance to ambulate lameness and stiffness after exercise PE stiff or altered gait ei bunny hopping jt crepitation pain on extension flex of jt dec ROM jt effusion, mm atrophy |
OA osteoarthritis
progressive noninfl irreversible dterioration to articular cartilage |
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hx
young healthy dog lameness PE short stride gait or bilat mm atrophy jt pain, swelling, crepitus,dec ROM rad saucer shaped cart subchondral sclerosis |
OC
abnormality of endochondral ossification, producing thickened cart that is susceptible to injury. the injury may cause a flap called OCD aka djd |
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hx recent ortho sx,trauma, or travel
leth,anorex,lameness, swelling, signs of pain,cutaneous draining PE fever,leth,limb swollen and painful chronic dz fistulas,mm atrophy,lame, deformity |
OM osteomyelitis
infl process of bone secondary to hematogenous or traumatic inf w pyogenic org |
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hx
lg dog with mass on shoulder, carpus, or close to knee pathological fx resp distress,anorex,dep PE palp swelling in joint rad moth eaten bone and lysis |
OSA
osteosarcoma primary tumor of mesenchymal tz that includes the prod of bone |
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hx
head shaking odor and discharge from ear hearing defecit face rubbing PE erythema and edema ext ear canal data cytology of ear discharge deg neuts with phagocytosed rods |
ext otittis w pseudomona
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hx
signs of ext otitis vestibular sign uri head shaking and pain on opening mouth PE systemic dz horners dz or vestibular dz otoscopic exam- bulging tympanic membrane |
otitis interna
middle ear dz- horners dz ie cherry eye inner ear dz vestibular dz -nystagmus slow to lesion |
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hx
head shaking asymptomatic cartilage change PE brown ear exudate coffee grounds erosion,crust and crust at entrance of ext ear canal ear pedal reflex- cat scratches ear with opposite leg ear swab- 4 legged mite |
otodectic mange
ear mites |
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hx
abd enlargement, abn heat cycles, dep ht murmurs fever, pallor weakness PE estrus,vag discharge,abd enlargement/effusion fever pallor weakness data cytology of vag discharge- estrus rad- no pyo |
ovarian tumor
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hx |
pancreatic adenocarcinoma |
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hx cat of any age
leth,anorexia,vomiting PE dehyd,hypothermia,abd pain,icterus data fPLI + +liv enz,bili,chol,bg,azotemia, -Ca,k,alb anemia leukocytosis |
feline pancreatitis
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hx min schnauzer
high fat diet, v/d weakness abd pain diarrhea PE abd pain, dehyd,fever,itcterus data -plt,chloride,phosph,alb,bg,anemia +neuts w left shift,liv enz snap cpl + |
canine pancreatitis
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hx unvx >6wk feline
vomit,anox,leth,dep,v/d fever then hypotherm dehydration,hypovol thick bowel loops,abd discomfort hypermetria,intention tremors data anemia leukopenia -plt dic |
feline panleukopenia
FPV parvovirus fatal cns, GI, and leukopenia. |
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hx
acute to chronic sc nodules or draining tracts anox, leth PE nodules swell and release yellow/brown discharge that crust over data cytology- unknown microbe bx infl to sc tz histopath fat and sc infl |
panniculitis
infl of the sc adipose tz. path- damage to sc lipocytes by oxidation release lipids. The lipids are hydrolysed to glycerol and FA. the FA will cause more infl |
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hx
corneal discoloration reddish brown film covering surface of eye progressive loss of vision acutely the cornea has pigmentation and vascularization then granulation crystaline lipid deposits on the edge of lesion gradual blindness |
CSK
chronic superficial keratitis Pannus |
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hx 5m-2yr dog lg breed
shifting leg lameness for 1-3wks anorex,leth PE pain upon palp of long bone esp ulna and radius rads patchy areas of bone with intramedullary opacity lucency near nutrient foramen inc periosteal bone formation |
panosteitis
cause unknown |
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hx
v/d, leth,anorex PE bloody diarrhea dehyd,fluid filled GI,tachy mm, retching fever hypovol shock,septic shock -BG,k,lymph,neuts rads intussusception data azotemia,panleuk, usg 1.035 |
CPV
parvovirus canine |
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hx
young dog ht murmur, exercise intol,failure to thrive signs of chf PE vent hypertrophy murmur like washing machine |
PDA
patent ductus arteriosus |
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PE
congenital dorsoventral narrowing of the thorax or depression of the sternum dorsally into the thoracic cavity |
pectus excavatum
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hx
pruritis PE weak and pale mm excoriations,scales,matted hair insects smaller then fleas on the skin and their eggs |
pediculosis
lice |
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hx
progressive multifocal or generalized skin dz w facial and footpad envolvement pruritis, lameness due to footpad infl infl of the mouth w halitosis,hypersalivation,anorex leth,fever,limb edema |
pemphigus complex
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hx
5yr dog dog licking perineal area dyschezia,hematochezia,tenesmus inappentence,wt loss,leth PE lesion around anus,ulcerated w draining tracts |
perianal fistula
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hx
acute collapse w/o loss of consciousness exercise intol abd distension pale mm PE tachycard,weak pulse muffled ht sounds abd distension dyspnea data rads- large cardiac shadow globoid ht lg cvc and pleural eff |
pericardial effusion
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hx exercise intol wt loss,episodic weakness dyspnea acute collapse PE tachycard,muffled ht sounds,jug distension recurrent fever,pleural eff data anemia,monocytosis,lymphocytosis +ANA,rheumetoid profile,coombs test ekg small R waves rad globoid ht, lg cvc, lg liv/spl pleural eff echo anechoid fluid surrounding ht, fibrin tags |
pericarditis |
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hx
tenesmus constipation perineal swelling dysuria PE unilat or bilat swelling around the anus detect seperation in mm of pelvic diaphram on rectal rectal sacculation |
perineal hernia
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hx
halitosis, bleeding gums w calculus pockets and root exposure bone loss mobile and displaced teeth pulp exposure |
periodontal dz
grade the mobility 1-3 pockets more than 3mm abnormal |
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hx
leth,anorex,pyrexia,wt loss v/d,weakness,collapse,ascites PE displaced or absent cardiac apical impulse muffled ht sounds murmur, inability to palp cran abd organs GI sounds over ht data irregular soft tz and fat opacity over ht cardiomeg,discontinuity of diaphram sternal deformity |
peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia
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hx
leth,collapse,vomit PE tachycard, hypovol septic shock ascitis,fever,altered mentation,inj mm,hyperemia rads- free abd gas abdominocent- bact inside toxic neuts with intestinal material |
peritonitis septic
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hx
panting,pu/pd, anorex,sudden blindness agitation PE +hr,rr vent arrthymias,pale mm,abd pain,epistaxis data u/s perirenal mass nonreg anemia w mature +nuets bp>160 +liv enz |
pheochromocytoma
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hx
resp dyspnea,abducted elbows,abd breathing chronic cough,wt loss,abd effusion, diarrhea exercise intol PE dyspnea,extended neck,anxious facial expression ventral hyporesonence below fluid line data rads interlobar fissure blunted lung margins infl leukogram,-plt,anemia -alb,bg,chol, azotemia,+liv enz,Ca |
pleural effusion
if see the interlobar fissure more than 100ml of fluid present. check the TS of fluid if more then 2.5 then prob infectious modified transudate |
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hx
anorexia,collapse,cough,leth,resp distress PE +rr,crackles wheeze cyanosis,fever,shock data neut leukocytosis rads of tho: alveolar and interst pattern or consolidation. soft tz opacity to the cranial lung lobes esp the right middle |
aspiration pneumonia
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hx
cough,sneeze,nasal discharge,exerc intol anorex,leth PE crackles,wheeze,fever,+rr,inc resp effort data leukogram with or w/o left shift rads of tho right middle lobe with alveolar pattern, cran lobes with alveolar infiltrates. the lung does not look black , greys up mostly on the cran lobes can also have insterstial patterns to consolidations FNA of lung fluid reveals bact |
bacterial pneumonia
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hx
trauma followed by acute onset coughing +rr PE dyspnea, exp distress dull or muffled ht sounds data rads- air in pleural space |
pneumothorax
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hx
chewing and biting of one or multiple feet lame PE erythema, nodules, swelling interdigital seropurulent exudate scales and crust, draining tracts salivary stains |
pododermatitis
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hx
lame, stiff gait weakness,inability to rise leth,wt loss,v/d PE flex carpus and pt becomes lame jt swelling on carpi and tarsi fever data anemia and leukocytosis rads- subchondral bone destruction with punchout appearence |
erosive polyarthritis
microbes in jt cross react with jt tz and cause infl autoimm dz like rheumatoid arthritis and IMPA (immune med polyarthritis) sle dx with ANA |
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hx 3yr cat
pt presented with CKD pu/pd, wt loss,leth,poor bcs, PE large kidneys |
polycystic kidney dz
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hx
middle aged d/c seizures, dullness,leth, exercise intol neuro changes, bleeding from nose PE hyperemia or cyanotic mm erythema of skin pu/pd, splenomeg data high hct and hgb,normal ts |
polycythemia vera
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hx
hunting dog with neuro 7days after hunting acute onset LMN paresia/plegia progressive nonambulatory tetraparesis PE nonambulatory afebrile, generalized hyporeflexia loss of voice CN normal urination and defication normal eats normally data serum mm levels high csf + |
polyradiculoneuritis
coonhound dz- dog bit by racoon and its saliva cause infl of the axons of ventral nerve root |
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hx
6m dog stunted growth with cns signs- leth,ataxia,weakness, abn behavior with vocalizaitons,pacing,circling,stupor v/d,pica,polyphagia constipation hematuria,pollakiuria,urolithiasis w ammonium urates PE ascitis,plump kidneys,small body stature poor haircoat puritic data microcytic nonreg anemia w target cells +liv enz,APTT -chol,BG,BUN, alb,fib UA isothenuria w crystals ammonium biurate crystals ABC crystals rad- lg kidney sm liv pre and post BA + |
PSS portsystemic shunt
ABC crystals underdevt dog w small liver liv dz with target cells |
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hx
dog w erection more than 1hr that doesnt retract into prepuce PE penile mucosa dry,excoriated and often purple enlarged bladder date palp of penis has erection not a paraphimosis |
priapism
If the bladder full put a catheter ecollar bc self mutulate penis ref for sx and hospitalization bc emergency |
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hx
dog receptive to male for more then 21d, cat receptive to tom more then 10d PE palp abd mass recent OHE data anemia, low platelets,CEM vag cytology >90% cells cornified LH test + |
ORS ovarian remnant syndrome
ovaries that secrete estrogen will suppress rbc inc rate or mamm tumors r/o ov cysts |
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hx
5yr intact male tenesmus with hematuria PE rectal bilat swollen mass ventral to colon |
BPH
path: estrogen secreting testicular tumors may inc size of prostate. prostatic cyst inc androgens. If large prostate on castrated dog then look for cancer tx for BPH is castration |
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hx
mid aged intact dog with recurrent UTI, prepucial discharge, pyospermia dysuria,weakness,leth, stiff gait PE fever,tense abd,pain on rectal,systemic signs of illness data infl leukogram UA active sediment |
prostatic infection
prostatitis,prostatic abscessation AB that enter the prostate capsule CET chloremph,enro,tms |
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hx
10yr intact dog hematuria w stranguria tenesmus and lame PE pain upon palp of joints and bones rectal painful data rectal -abn irregular mass lg LN, resp signs c/s dyspnea |
prostatic neoplasia w met to LLB lung,ln,bones
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hx
colitis type diarrhea-blood mucus ocular signs- red or cloudy eye cns signs dep,stumble,falling head tilt PE blood on thermometer palp fluid filled GI loops, thick rectal tz cachexia w mm atrophy ocular -uveitis,conj,vitous cloudy,retinal detachmt head tilt,paresis,circling mucocut ulceration + csf tap + rectal scrape and bx |
protothecosis
multisystemic dz caused by inf w prototheca algal spp this mo can be found in most organs and go to br via csf |
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hx
estrus 6-12wk earlier wo pregnancy lg mamm gland, nesting,digging,adoption of animals dep,anxiety,anorexia,whining PE mam enlargemt w turgid nipples w galactostasis most common at caudal pair intramam dermatitis bc of licking mastitis |
pseudocyesis
false pregnancy bc high prolactin at end of luteal phase when progesterone levels drop abruptly tx caborgaline |
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hx
hbc w resp distress inc rate and effort PE external evidence of trauma, lacerations fx inc bronchovesicular sounds pale mm, tachycardia rads patchy or diffuse interstitial alveolar pattern |
pulmonary contusions
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hx
exercise intol,dyspnea,cough,collapse syncope,abd distention,HL weakness PE Right or left CHF signs pale mm,hemoptysis,tachycardia,murmurs data rads- reverse D echo myxomatous valves hwt neg |
PAH
pulmonary arterial hypertension elevated pulm arterial pressure caused as a by right ventericular hypertrophy |
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hx 7yr cat
acute onset dyspnea tachycard signs of RHF,cough hemoptysis leth,anorex,wt loss, collapse PE cyanosis pulm crackles, weak pulse + Ddimers rads enlarged pulm arteries with ht enlargement and pleural eff echo PAH, right at and vent enlarged |
PTE
pulmonary thromboembolism occlusion of pulm aa or v with thrombus path: condition assoc w other dz due to venous stasis and EC damage due to neo,hw,HAD,vasculitits |
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hx
exercise intol and syncope R side ht failure- dist jugs w ascitis PE murmur over left base of ht 3rd rib rad R Vent enlargmt with dilation of pulm artery on DV |
PS
pulmonic stenosis |
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hx
pu/pd,malaise,hematuria pollakiuria,stranguria,lumbar pain recurrent uti PE fever,dehyd,renomegally bladder discomfort,debris in mouth saliva vomit data leukocytosis w left shift azotemia creat,bun,+PO,meta acidosis rads- calculi in kidney, diff sized kidneys u/s altered echogenicity of renal tz, renal pelvis dilated |
pyelonephritis
ascending UTI to kidneys |
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hx
projectile vomit after eats anorex,wt loss,regurg data prerenal azotemia -nacl metabolic alkalosis u/s thickening of pylorus |
pyloric hypertrophy syndrome
excess gastrin causes the mm and mucosa to grow. regurg may cause esophagitis. loose Acid in regurg and get alkalosis |
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hx the pt has pustules,crust epidermal collorettes
hair loss and puritis pain PE many combos can be seen pustules and crust on abd papules pustules and greasey coat w offensive odor patchy alopecia producing moth eaten appearence epidermal collorettes with red edges deep furunculosis pyotraumatic folliculitis callus pyoderma, pododermatitis comedones papules pustules |
pyoderma
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hx 6yr female dog
purulent vulvar discharge dehyd,fever abd pain red or white mm normal hr, rr or weak pulse w cool extremities data leukocytosis w left shift liver and renal changes vaginal swab has wbc rad disteded fluid filled fiscus |
pyometra
sepsis start w brick red mm, then they get pale, cool exremities, and weak pulses,low plt guarded prognosis w signs of sepsis or renal/liv signs |
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hx
dyspnea,tachypnea,wt loss collapse PE muffled ht sounds, dep, fever pale mm data cbc +neut w left shift hepatic/renal signs w low alb pleural fluid- blood tinged and opaque, proteins >3g/dl,nuc cells >7B,deg neuts w MPs, intraleukocytic bacterias rads gray between the lung parenchyma and ribs |
pyothorax
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hx
pt aggressive, nervous, apprehensive,anxiety abn behavior licking, biting, wandering, disoriented, ataxia, seizures,paralysis ptyalism change in bark PE CN deficits, inability to swallow, and mandibular and laryngeal paralysis, ataxia, fever has 10day old bite wound |
rabies
only 10% of dogs foam at the mouth wear glove w all pt w unknown bite wounds if vx pet gets bite, revx and quarenteen 10d unvx pets quarenteen 6m and revx 1m prior to release once pt shows c/s pts and send head for examination |
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hx
hair loss around the flanks no infl,hyperpigmentation |
recurrent flank alopecia
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hx
dog <2yr pu/pd leth, poor growth bone pain PE dehyd, enlarged mandible,muscular twitch sm kidn on palp data bcp +azotemia,phos,calc,chol, -alb,k, metabolic acidosis u/s sm kidneys,thin renal cortex, poor corticomedullary distinction,soft tz mineralization |
renal dysplasia
path kidneys dont devt right and vit D not made into calcitriol, the kidney fill up with renal osteodystrophy |
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hx
geriatric dog hematuria, inapp,leth abd mass,vomit,pu/pd flank pain, acute collapse,behavior change PE renal megaly, abd mass, pale mm,abd distention with fluid wave,shock data -plt,azotemia +pt,ptt |
renal neoplasia
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hx
pt has CKD rubber jaw low calcium |
renal secondary hyperparathyroidism
with chronic kidney dz the phosphorus inc and inc the PTH but inh calcitriol, no calcium abs from bones and GI |
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hx
bleeding inside eye PE pupil diltated and fixed no PLR, anisocoria, bindness with or w/o: uveitis,hyphema,glaucoma,cataracts,systemic dz eye exam optic nerve hidden under membrane tapetum grey retinal vasculature- blood vessels go out of focus |
retinal detachment
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hx
anorexia with leg pain(single or multiple) chronic intermittent lameness,angular limb deformit secondary to ligament damage, mostly at carpus or tarsus rads- periarticular swelling subchondral lucencies erosive changes bone destruction,jt space collapse with luxation |
RA
path rhumatoid factors RF made by wbc lymphs IgM and IgA against IgG lymphs make antibodies against IgG type 3 HS. immunecomplex in jt fluid attract neuts. degranulation of neuts cause damage to subchondral bone, colateral ligmts and cart damage |
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hx chronic intermittent lameness
angular deformity to carpus, metacarp, tarsus and metatarsus pe jt swelling rads - subchondral bony lysis of carpal bone data leukocytosis, hyperglobunemia, hyperfibrinogemia, proteinuria |
rheumatoid arthritis
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hx
head shaking,sneezing, head shaking, pawing nose, halitosis PE bilat mucopurulent discharge enlarged ln |
rhinitis
rx ab, NAC as mucolytic 10mg/kg bid po nasal aerosol |
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hx
sicko, dep anorexia vomiting muscle pain epistaxis,head tilt, scrotal edema,stiff gait pe petechial macules on skin splenomegaly DATA thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis with left shift and toxic, hypoalb,low na,cl,k,ca inc liv enz proteinuria |
RMSF
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c/s
mass on skin raised, round, alopetic, ulcerted 3 types of tumors |
round cell tumor
1. carcinomas -epithelial tumors 2. round cell tumors-lymphomas, mct, tvt,histiocytomas, plasma cell tumors, mm, melanomas 3. sarcomas -mesenchymal tumors |
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cs
dermatitis of ear margins, elbows hocks, chest and head pinnal pedal reflex |
sarcoptic mange
when rub edge of pinna with thumb forefinger the dog will scratch with hindlimb positive 82% of the time |
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hx
the dog self mutilates when left alone, destroys house,deficates, urinates,chews walls torn claws or teeth |
separation anxiety
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hx generalized malaise, anorx, leth
pe hyperthermia then hypotherm injected mm then pale collapse data azotemia with high liv enz elevated lactate +coag profile |
sepsis, septic shock
leads to ARDS and DIC |
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soft tz injury to the limb and tail as the result of external trauma
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shearing/degloving wounds
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the greater tubercle is displaced retative to acromion
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shoulder lux
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hx
nasal discharge intermittent sneezing facial swelling and deformity PE unilat nasal discharge that blood tinged deformity of frontal or nasal bones maxilly over the 4th PM enlarged submand ln |
sinusitis
causes dental abcess of PM, tumors, mycosis path the sinus are connected if neoplasia occurs cant drain out. the bone will be deformed with masses |
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what are the two types of snakes
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elapids- coral snake neurotoxin
vipers- cottonmouth,copperhead rattlesnake- vasculotoxin |
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serves to move debris from the nasopharynx into the oropharynx so it can be swallowed
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reverse sneezing
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hx intermitten vomiting,weakness dep
abd distension, acute collapse pe splenomeg rad reversed "c" behind the stomach elevated liv enz stress leukogram |
splenic torsion
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hx splenomeg
blood results 1. sphrocyts and +ret count 2. low platelets 3. pancytopenia and inc glob 4. inc ca |
1. imha
2. itp 3. ehrlichia,mm,fip 4. lymphoma,mm,granulomatous dz |
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mass of planum and pinna and gingiva
second most common ear cannal tumor of dogs |
scc
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infl of the mucous linning of any of the structures in the mouth, the term is used to describes widespread oral infl beyond gingivitis and periodontal dz that exteneds to the submucosa. assoc with FIV,FCV, FHV
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stomatitis
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delay of the normal uterine involution process in the bitch beyond 12wks after the welping
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SIPS
subinvolution of placental sites |
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dz that starts at the footpads- thickening, crusting of footpads. crust erosions and ulcers
lesions of oral cavity and eyes and genitalia. |
SND
superficial necrolytic dermatitis deficiencies of fatty acids, zinc, biotic and albumin |
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hx
intermittent lameness with painful joints fever leth and poor app skin lesion skin lesion erythema,scaling, crusting, depigmentation lesion at mucocutanueous junction data ANA positive |
SLE
systemic lupus erythamatosus |
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severe impairement or loss of tail motor fx
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tail paralysis
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includes ligament damage, lux/sublux of individual tarsal bones, fx and shearing injuries
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tarsal trauma
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