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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the spectrum of penicillins?
How do they work? What infections are they good for? |
*effective agst G+, easy G-, anaerobes
*Bactericidal - inhibit cell wall synthesis *Good for UTI's |
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Name two examples of natural penicillins
What is their spectrum? |
Pen G and Pen V
G+, G-, spirochetes |
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Name two penicillinase-resistant penicillins
What is their spectrum? |
Cloxacillin and dicloxacillin
Effective against penicillinase producing G+ cocci, especially Staph |
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Name two aminopenicillins
What is their spectrum? |
Ampicillin and amoxicillin are aminopenicillins
Broad spectrum with increased G- activity |
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Extended spectrum penicillins include _____.
These are even more effective agst ___ and also work against _____ |
Carbenicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin
more effective against G- and Pseudomonas |
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Potentiated penicillins include
These inactivate _____ |
Clavamox, timentin
Inactivate beta-lactamases |
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Penicillins as a class are primarily effective against ____ bacteria and increase in ____ activity
They are (bactericidal/bacteristatic) |
Primarily effective against G+
Increase in G- Penicillins < aminopenicillins < extended spectrum Penicillins are bactericidal |
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T/F Penicillin is an appropriate antibiotic to use in rodents and lagomorphs
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False
elimination of G+ gut flora can lead to fatal colibacillosis |
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What is the spectrum of cephalosporins?
Are they static or cidal? How do they work? |
Good against G+, some G- (more with each generation), and anaerobes
Cephalosporins are bactericidal They work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis More effective against actively growing bacteria |
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Name 6 1st generation cephalosporins
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Cephalothin, cefazolin, cephapirin, cephadine, cephalexin, cefadroxil
Most G+, poor G- |
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Name 4 3rd generation cephalopsporins
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Cefotaxime, moxolactom, cefoperazone, ceftiofur (use in bovine resp dz - no withdrawal)
Good G+, much improved G- |
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What is the spectrum of aminoglycosides?
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Primarily G- aerobes, some G+, pseudomonas, atypical mycobacterium (nocardia, actinomyces)
Inactive against fungi, viruses, and most anaerobes |
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What is the MOA of aminoglycosides?
Are they cidal or static? |
Irreversibly bind to the 30S ribosome and INHIBIT PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Bacteriocidal |
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Name four examples of aminoglycosides
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amikacin (SID, parvo pups)
gentamicin neomycin spectinomycin |
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Where do aminoglycosides accumulate?
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Inner ear and kidneys
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What are some adverse effects of aminoglycosides?
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NEPHROTOXIC - casts in urine, inc BUN/CREA, reversible when drug is d/c
OTOTOXIC - 8th CN toxicity, auditory and vestibular symptoms may be irreversible NM BLOCKADE - can occur resulting in apnea and paralysis, respiratory failure |
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What is the spectrum of the fluoroquinolones?
Are they cidal or static? |
Good G- aerobes, facultative anaerobes, atypical mycobacterium, chlamydia, mycoplasma, ehrlichia, BRD
They are cidal (except recently shown to be static in cats) |
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Name three examples of fluroquinolones
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Enrofloxacin (QD, prostate, RMSF, de-ethylated to cipro)
Ciprofloxacin Marbofloxacin |
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Name some contraindications to fluoroquinolones
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Contraindicated in young animals due to cartilage defects
Enrofloxacin will cause retinal detachment (blindness) in cats at 5 mg/kg |
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How do fluoroquinolones work?
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FQ inhibit DNA gyrase and prevent DNA synthesis
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What is the spectrum of sulfonamides?
Are they static or cidal? |
G+, easy G-, anaerobes, nocardia and actinomyces
Bacteriostatic |
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How do sulfonamides work?
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Sulfonamides inhibit folic acid pathyway (PABA/pteridine is not converted to DHFA)
*Many bacteria have developed resistance |
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How do potentiated sulfonamides work?
Name an example |
Bactericidal, inhibits bacterial thymidine synthesis in folic acid pathway
An example is TMPS |
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What are some of the side effects of sulfonamides
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*Most drug side effects of all antibiotics
Allergic reactions, hepatotoxic, KCS, hypothyroidism, crystalluria, thyrotoxic, anemia, BM toxicity (aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoprothrombinemia) |
