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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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M. deltoideus
- Pars clavicularis - Pars acromialis - Pars scapularis |
Origin = spina scapulae and margo caudalis scapulae
Insertion = tuberositas deltoidea Function = flexes shoulder joint and abducts the limb |
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M. supraspinatus
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Origin = fossa supraspinatus
Insertion = tuberculum majus and minus humeri (minus only in Car) Function = Extends the shoulder joint |
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M. infraspinatus
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Origin = Fossa infraspinatus
Insertion = facies m. infraspinati Function = lateral collateral ligament of shoulder joint, flexes shoulder joint |
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M. teres minor
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Origin = under deltoid muscle, caudolateral surface of shoulder joint
Insertion = above tuberositas deltoidea Function = flexes shoulder joint |
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M. teres major
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Origin = angulus caudalis scapulae
Insertion = tuberositas teres major Function = flexes the shoulder joint |
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M. articularis humeri
(Eq only) |
Origin = collum scapulae
Insertion = collum humeri Function = tenses the joint capsule |
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M. subscapularis
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Origin = fossa subscapularis
Insertion = tuberculum minus humeri Function = medial collateral ligament of shoulder joint, flexes and extends shoulder joint |
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M. coracobrachialis
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Origin = processus coracoideus of scapula
Insertion = tuberositas teres major and craniomedial surface of the humerus Function = adducts forearm and extends the shoulder joint |
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M. biceps brachii
- lacertus fibrosus tendon |
Origin = tuberculum supraglenoidale
Insertion = tuberositas radii (also ulna in Su and Car) Function = extends the shoulder and flexes the elbow. Passive stay in horses |
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M. brachialis
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Origin = caudal surface of collum humeri
Insertion = tuberositas radii and the ulna (radius only in Car) Function = flexes elbow joint |
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M. triceps brachii
- caput longum - caput laterale - caput mediale - caput accessiorium (absent in Eq) |
Origin = longum: margo caudalis scapulae, laterale: linea m. tricipitis, mediale: medial humerus, acc: caput mediale
Insertion = processus olecrani Function = extends elbow joint and shoulder (longum) |
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M. anconeus
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Origin = fossa olecrani
Insertion = tuber olecrani Function = extends elbow joint |
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M. tensor fasciae antebrachii
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Origin = caudal border of the scapula
Insertion = olecranon Function = tenses fascia antebrachii, extends elbow joint |
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M. extensor carpi radialis
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Origin = crista supracondylaris lateralis
Insertion = tuberositas ossis metacarpalis III, Mc2/Mc3 in Ru Function = extends and stabilizes carpal joint |
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M. extensor carpi ulnaris
- palmar branch - dorsal branch |
Origin = epicondylus lateralis humeri
Insertion = palmar branch: os carpi accessorium, dorsal branch: Mc4/Mc5 Function = Flexor (Ru, Eq), extensor (Su, Car) |
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M. extensor digitalis communis
- 2 parts in Ru: m. extensor digitorum communis proprius and m. extensor digiti III - undivided in Eq - 4 parts in Car, 3 parts in Su |
Origin = epicondylus lateralis humeri
Insertion = 3rd phalanx of all digits except the first Function = extends digits and carpal joint |
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M. extensor digitalis lateralis
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Origin = lig. collaterale cubiti laterale and proximal radius and ulna
Insertion = Eq: proximal phalanx, Su: 2nd & 3rd phalanges, Ru: over 4th digit to 2nd phalanx Function = extends digits |
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M. abductor digiti I longus
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Origin = lateral surface of antebrachium
Insertion = Mc2 (Eq, Su), Mc3 (Ru), Mc1 (Car) Function = extends carpal joint, extends and abducts 1st digit (Car only) |
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M. pronator teres
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Origin = epicondylus medialis humeri
Insertion = craniomedial surface of the radius Function = pronates the radioulnar joint Part of lig. collaterale cubiti mediale in Eq |
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M. pronator quadratus
- human and Car only |
Origin = transverse fibres between the ulna and radius
Function = pronates the forearm |
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M. brachioradialis
- feline (sometimes canine) |
Origin = crista epicondylus lateralis humeri
Insertion = medial surface of the radius Function = supinates the paw |
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M. supinator
- canine (sometimes feline, rudimentary in Su) |
Origin = capsule of the elbow joint
Function = supinates the antebrachium |
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M. flexor carpi radialis
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Origin = epicondylus medialis humeri
Insertion = Eq: tuberositas ossis Mc3, Ru, Su: Mc3, Car: Mc2 & Mc3 Function = flexes carpal joint |
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M. flexor carpi ulnaris
- caput humerale - caput ulnare |
Origin = caput humerale: epicondylus medialis humeri, caput ulnare: olecranon ulnae
Insertion = os carpi accessorium Function =flexes carpal joint, supinates (Car only) |
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M. flexor digitalis superficialis
- single belly in Eq and Car - 2 bellies in Ru and Su (superficialis and profunda) |
Origin = epicondylus medialis humeri
Insertion = middle phalanx Function = flexes 2 proximal phalangeal joints, passive stay |
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M. flexor digitalis profundus
- caput radiale - caput ulnare |
Origin = caput humerale: epicondylus medialis humeri, caput radiale: middle of the radius, caput ulnare: olecranon ulnae
Insertion = distal phalanx Function = flexes phalangeal joints, fixes fetlock, PS |
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Mm. interossei
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Origin = proximal end of metacarpal bones
Function = fix the fetlock joint |
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Mm. lumbricales
- absent in Ru - may be absent in Eq |
Origin = flexor digitorum profundus
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M. psoas minor
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Insertion = Su, Ru, Eq: tuberculum m. psoas minor of the ilium, Dog: linea arcuata, Cat: eminentia iliopubica
Function = flexes and stabilizes the lumbar part of the spine, flexes the hip joint |
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M. psoas major
- pars lumbalis of m. iliopsoas |
Origin = last 2 thoracic vertebrae, all lumbar vertebrae
Insertion = trochanter minor ossis femoris Function = strongest sublumbar muscle |
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M. iliacus
- pars iliaca of m. iliopsoas |
Origin - ventral surface of ala ossis ilii
Insertion = trochanter minor ossis femoris Function = flex the back and hip joint, draw the pelvis forward |
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M. quadratus lumborum
- thin in Eq, Su, Ru - strong in Car |
Origin = last 2 ribs
Insertion = ventral ala ossis sacri, ventral lig. sacroiliaca Function = flexes and fixes lumbar vertebrae, helps with lateral movement |
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M. obturatorius internus
- only in Eq and Car - 2 parts in Eq: pars iliaca, pars ischiopubica |
Origin = Eq: corpus ossis ilii (pars iliaca), foramen obturatum (pars ischiopubica), Car: ramus caudalis ossis pubis and arcus ischiadicus
Insertion = fossa trochanterica Function = extends the hip, adducts the thigh |
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M. obturatorius externus
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Origin = foramen obturatum
Insertion = fossa trochanterica Function = extends the hip, adducts the thigh |
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Mm. gemelli
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Origin = lateral os ischii
Insertion = fossa trochanterica Function = synergist of hip extensors |
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M. quadratus femoris
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Origin = ventral tabula ischiadica
Insertion = fossa trochanterica Function = synergist of hip extensors |
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M. articularis coxae
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Origin = above the acetabulum
Insertion = collum femoris Function = tenses the joint capsule |
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M. gluteus superficialis
- in Eq fuses with m. tensor fasciae latae - in Su and Ru fuses with m. biceps femoris - independent in Car |
Origin = Eq: tuber coxae and sacrale, Ru, Su, Car: gluteal fascia, sacrum, 1st caudal vertebrae
Insertion = Eq: trochanter tertius, Car: trochanter major, Ru, Su: gluteobiceps Function = Eq: flexes the hip joint, Car: extends |
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M. gluteus medius
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Origin = thoracolumbar fascia, sacrum, lig. sacrotuberale latum, ala ossis ilii (car only)
Insertion = trochanter major Function = extends the hip joint |
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M. gluteus accessorius
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Origin = facies glutea of the ilium
Insertion = trochanter major Function = synergist of m. gluteus medius |
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M. gluteus profundus
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Origin = lineae musculares on spina ischiadica, corpus ossis ilii, lig. sacrotuberale latum (Ru only)
Insertion = trochanter major Function = extends the hip jount, adducts the thigh |
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M. gluteobiceps
- Ru and Su only - fusion of m. gluteus superficialis and m. biceps femoris |
Origin = gluteal fascia, sacrum, 2st caudal vertebrae (as m. gluteus superficialis)
Insertion = fascia lata, patella, lateral patellar ligament (as m. biceps femoris) Function = extend hip and stifle joints, flex stifle |
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M. piriformis
- independent only in Car - fused with m. gluteus medius in Eq, Ru and Su |
Origin = sacrum, lig. sacrotuberale
Insertion = trochanter major Function = extends the hip joint |
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M. caudofemoralis
- Cat only |
Origin = 2nd-4th caudal vertebrae
Insertion = fascia lata and patella Function = extends hip joint, lateral tail movement |
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M. tensor fasciae latae
- independent only in Car - fused with cranial m. gluteus superficialis in other species |
Origin = tuber coxae, crista iliaca
Insertion = fascia lata, patella, lateral patellar ligament, crista tibiae Function = tenses the fascia lata, flexes the hip joint, extends the stifle joint |
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M. quadriceps femoris
- 4 heads - m. rectus femoris, m. vastus lateralis, m. vastus intermedius, m. vastus medius |
Origin = rectus femoris: corpus ossis ilii, vastus lateralis: lateral femus, vastus intermedius: cranial femur, vastus medius: medial femur
Insertion = patella, tuberositas tibiae Function = extends the stifle joint, flexes the hip |
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M. articularis genus
- only in Car |
Origin = corpus ossis femoris
Insertion = capsule of femoropatellar joint Function = tenses femoropatellar joint capsule |
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M. popliteus
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Origin = fossa poplitea of the lateral femoral condyle
Insertion = procimal caudomedial corpus tibiae Function = flexes stifle joint |
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M. biceps femoris
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Origin = Eq: sacrum, lig. sacrotuberale latum, tiber ischiadicum, Car: lig. sacrotuberale, tuber ischiadicum
Insertion = patella, crista tibiae, tuber calcanei Function = extends hip and stifle joints, flexes stifle joint |
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M. abductor cruris caudalis
- only in Car |
Origin = Dog: lig. sacrotuberale latum, Cat: 1st caudal vertebrae
Insertion = fuses with m. biceps femoris Function = synergist with m. biceps femoris |
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M. semitendinosus
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Origin = Eq, Su: sacrum, 1st caudal vertebrae, os ischii, Car, Ru: tuber ischiadicum
Insertion = cranial border of the tibia, fascia cruris and tuber calcanei Function = extends hip, stifle and hock joints |
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M. semimembranosus
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Origin = tuber ischiadicum, lig. sacrotuberale latum
Insertion = condylus medialis ossis femoris, medial tibia Function = abducts the pelvic limn, extends the hip and stifle joint |
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M. sartorius
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Origin = Eq: os ilii, Ru, Su: os ilii, m. psoas minor, Dog: crista iliaca, spina iliaca, Cat: spina iliaca
Insertion = medial patellar ligament, crista tibiae Function = flexes hip and stifle joints |
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M. gracili
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Origin = symphysis pelvina, pecten ossis pubis
Insertion = medial patellar ligament, crista tibiae, crural fascia, tuber calcanei Function = adductor of the thigh |
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Mm. adductores
- m. adductor longus (Cat only) - m. adductor brevis and magnus (Eq, Car) - single muscle in Su and Ru |
Origin = ventral surface of pelvis, tendo symphysialis, tuber ischiadicum
Insertion = femur, trochanter minor, epicondylus medialis Function = adducts and draws the pelvic limb |
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M. pectineus
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Origin = pecten ossi pubis
Insertion = femur, trochanter minor, epicondylus medialis Function = adducts and draws the pelvic limb |
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Trigonum femorale
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Bordered by:
M. sartorius cranialli M. gracillus caudally M. vestus medialis, m. iliopsoas, m. pectineus below Femoral fascia medially |
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M. tibialis cranialis
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Origin = crista tibiae, condylus lateralis tibiae, capitulum fibulae
Insertion = ramus medialis: os tarsale and metatarsale, ramus lateralis: os metatarsale III Function = flexes hock joint |
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M. peroneus tertius
- absent in Car |
Origin = femur, fossa extensoria
Insertion = Eq: tarsal bones and Mt3, Ru: Mt3 & Mt4, Su: Mt2 Function = flexes the hock joint |
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M. peroneus longus
- absent in Eq |
Origin = tibia, condylus lateralis, stifle joint, lig. collaterale laterale, proximal fibula
Insertion = Os tarsale 1, Ru: Mt3 & Mt4, Car: Mt1 or Mt2 |
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M. peroneus brevis
- only in Car |
Origin = distal fibula and tibia
Insertion = Mt5 Function = flexes hock joint, abducts and rotates distal end of the limb |
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M. gastrocnemius
- part of m. triceps surae - 2 heads - caput laterale, caput mediale |
Origin = caput laterale: lateral fossa supracondylaris, caput mediale: medial fossa supracondylaris
Insertion = tuber calcanei Function = extensor of the hock |
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M. soleus
- part of m. triceps surae |
Origin = Eq, Cow, Cat: fibula, Ru: condylus lateralis tibiae, Su: condylus lateralis femoris, patella, lig. patellae
Insertion = fused with m. gastrocnemius Function extends the hock joint, flexes stifle (Su only) |
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Tendo calcaneus communis
- Achilles tendon |
Composed of:
Tendo m. tricipitis surae, tendo m. flexorius digitalis superficialis |
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M. extensor digitalis longus
- single part in Eq - 2 parts in Ru - 3 parts in Su - 4 parts in Car |
Origin = fossa extensoria of the femur
Insertion = distal phalanx, processus extensorius Function = extends the digits |
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M. extensor digitalis lateralis
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Origin = stifle joint, lig. collaterale laterale, fibula, condylus lateralis tibiae
Insertion = middle phalanx, Eq: fused with m. extensor digitalis longus Function = extends digits |
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M. extensor digitalis brevis
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Origin = dorsal tarsus
Insertion = m. extensor digitalis longus and lateralis |
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M. flexor digitalis superficialis
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Origin = femur, fossa or tuberositas supracondylaris
Insertion = tuber calcanei, middle phalanx Function = flexes digits, extends hock joint, passive stay (Eq) |
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M. flexor digitalis profundus
- 3 heads: m. flexor digitalis lateralis, m. flexor digitalis medialis, m. tibialis caudalis |
Origin = condylus lateralis tibiae, caudal surface of the tibia and fibula
Insertion = facies flexoria, distal phalanx Function = flexes digits, extends hock joint |
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Mm. interossei
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Origin = proximal ends of metatarsals
Function = fix the joints |
