Vet Micro Anatomy Test 1

Front 1

4 Tissue Types

Back 1

Epithelium
Connective Tissue
Muscle
Nervous tissue

Front 2

Connective Tissue Composition

Back 2

Cells
Fibers
Ground substance

Front 3

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

Back 3

- Fried Egg Appearance
- Lines surfaces of organs and tissues
- Little intercellular space
- Rest on a basement membrane (avascular)

Front 4

Function of Epithelial Cell

Back 4

- Protection - skin
- Absorption - lungs, kidney
- Excretion - one-way transport system
- Secretion - serous/mucous and seromucous
- Surface reception - special senses
- Reproductive - gamete production

Front 5

Name 2 special types of epithelial cells

Back 5

Endothelium
Mesothelium

Front 6

Euchromatic

Back 6

having chromosomal material that is genetically active and stains lightly with basic dyes

Front 7

Function of Simple Cuboidal Cells

Back 7

Secretion
Absorption

Front 8

Characteristics of Simple Cuboidal Tissue

Back 8

- Cells tall as they are wide
- Lining kidney tubules, parts of respiratory tract and ducts.

Front 9

Fibroblast/Fibrocyte

Back 9

-Most common CT cell
-Prominent nucleus;
-Round or oval in shape
-Euchromatic
Capable of motility

Front 10

Function of Fibroblast/Fibrocyte

Back 10

synthesis (secretion) of connective tissue fibers and ground substance

Front 11

Characteristics of Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue

Back 11

- Cells taller than they are wide
- Nuclei are typicall basal and in a row.
- Location: Lining stomach, intestines, parts of respiratory tract, lining of ducts.
-Frequently has microvilli

Front 12

Function of Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue

Back 12

Absorption
Secretion

Front 13

Characteristics of Stratified squamous epithelium

Back 13

- multiple layers
- Specialized to resist forces of friction
- Named by the most superficial layer
- Keratinized
- Non-keratinized

Front 14

Characteristics of Psuedostratified columnar epithelium

Back 14

- crowded appearance
- Nuclei are in various positions (not in row)
- Simple (all cells contact
the BM)
- Ciliated and Non-ciliated
Found in:
Respiratory tract
Urogenital tract

Front 15

Characteristics of Transitional epithelium

Back 15

- Scalloped/cobblestone appearance
- Variation of pseudostratified epithelium (simple)
- Unique property that
accommodates stretching
- All cells contact basement
membrane
Found in:
Urogenital tract

Front 16

3 Types of Intracellular Junctions

Back 16

Anchoring junctions
Occluding junctions
Communicating junctions

Front 17

Basement Membrane

Back 17

-Separation between the epithelium and connective tissue
Function:
Cell adhesion
Diffusion barrier
Cell growth

Front 18

Apical Surface Modifications

Back 18

Microvilli
Cilia
Stereocilia

Front 19

Microvilli

Back 19

- Tiny surface projections at the Apical pole
Composition: Glycocalyx
(coating of glycoproteins and other complex sugars)
Function:
Increases surface area
Absorption

Front 20

Axoneme

Back 20

– a cylindrical array of microtubules
- 9 “doublets” and two singles centrally located

Front 21

Dynein arms

Back 21

force-generating protein present in cilia

Front 22

CT Fiber Types

Back 22

-Collagen
-Elastic

Front 23

Types of Collagen

Back 23

I, II, III, IV

Front 24

4 Types of Connective Tissue

Back 24

Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

Front 25

Collagen Type I

Back 25

- "Coarse Collagen
- 90% body's collagen
- Skin, bone, tendons, ligaments, & interstitial spaces
- H& E= orange to orange-pink
- Trichrome= blue
- Fibril forming collagen

Front 26

Collagen Type II

Back 26

-Fine Collagen
-Cartilage/spinal cord

Front 27

Collagen Type III

Back 27

- Synonymous with reticular fibers
- Silver or immunostaining
Origin: Lymphoid organs, bone marrow, visceral organs, skin
- Synthesized by reticular cells, fibroblasts & smooth muscle cells

Front 28

Collagen Type IV

Back 28

Location: basement membranes
- Network forming collagen
- Synthesized by epithelium

Front 29

Fiber (Fibrous) Collagen

Back 29

- Elasticity & recoil
- stains pale pink
- highly refractile
-Origin: nuchal ligament, arteries, lung
-synthesized by fibroblast, smooth muscle cells, chondroblasts

Front 30

Ground substance

Back 30

- Glue between cells and fibers of CT
- Mixture of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and glycoproteins
- effects morphogenesis, injury, and repair
Stain: Washed out in routine preparations

Front 31

Connective Tissue Proper

Back 31

Loose irregular
Dense irregular
Dense regular
Adipose tissue

Front 32

Function of Mast Cell

Back 32

-inflammation
-antigenic stimulation

Front 33

Reticular cells
Location
Shape
Cytoplasm
-Function

Back 33

-Location: Lymphoid organs
-Shape: Stellate
-Cytoplasm: Basophilic
- "fixed” fibroblasts
- Function: synthesize reticular fibers (type III collagen)

Front 34

Macrophages
Origin
Cytoplasm
Function

Back 34

- 2nd most common CT cell
- Origin: blood monocyte
- Cytoplasm; filled with lysosomes & debris
-Function: phagocytic activity & inflammation

Front 35

Loose irregular

Back 35

- highly cellular, few fibers
- fibroblast the predominant cell
- soft and pliable
- support and vascular supply for epithelia
- interstitial tissue in most organs

Front 36

Plasma Cell
Origin
Cytoplasm
Nucleus (characteristic)
Function

Back 36

- Origin: Derived from B lymphocytes
-Cytoplasm: very basophilic cytoplasm; small cell in general
- Nucleus- Heterochromatic
“wagon wheel”
- Function: Humoral antibody production

Front 37

Types of cells present in Connective Tissue Proper

Back 37

Mesenchymal
Fibroblasts
Reticular
Fat
Pericytes
Mast
Macrophages
Plasma cells
Leukocytes

Front 38

Types of fat cells

Back 38

-Unilocular
-Multilocular

Front 39

Mesenchymal cells

Back 39

Embryonic mesoderm
Undifferentiated
Pluripotent
Euchromatic nucleus

Front 40

What cell synthesizes type III collagen (reticular fibers)

Back 40

Reticular cells

Front 41

Staining characteristic of adipose tissue.

Back 41

Does not stain in routine H&E

Front 42

Function of Adipose tissue

Back 42

- energy
- heat production

Front 43

Mast cells

Back 43

-type of CT
-very large cell
-Round nucleus
-Cytoplasm
-filled with large round, pleomorphic granules (heparin & histamine)

Front 44

Sarco-

Back 44

Flesh

Front 45

SARCOLEMMA

Back 45

plasmalemma (plasma membrane) of a muscle cell

Front 46

SARCOPLASM

Back 46

cytoplasm of muscle

Front 47

SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Back 47

a form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, adapted to ion flux/conductance within a muscle cell

Front 48

myoblast

Back 48

myofiber precursor; cells that differentiate into mature muscle cell

Front 49

myofilaments

Back 49

The filaments of myofibrils constructed from actin and myosin proteins

Front 50

myofibril

Back 50

group of muscle myofilaments

Front 51

myofiber

Back 51

a single muscle cell, made up of multiple myofibrils, which are in turn made up of myofilaments

Front 52

Skeletal Muscle

Back 52

- voluntary
histlogical features
- striated (because it possesses visible “striations” or lines)
- multiple peripherally located nuclei
-nucleiappear spase bc fibers are very large
- myofibers arranged in groups called fascicles, surrounded by connective tissue

Front 53

Fiber

Back 53

(myofiber) one cell
- product of multiple fusions of myoblasts during embryonic development
- slightly tapered and blunt at either end; elongated, tubular morphology

Front 54

Skeletal muscle nuclei (shape)

Back 54

oval (cigar-shaped) in longitudinal section, round in cross section, with clumped chromatin pattern

Front 55

Sarcomere

Back 55

the structural and contractile unit of muscle

Front 56

"Z” line

Back 56

centrally located black line in I band
acts to anchor actin filaments

Front 57

“A” band

Back 57

- composed of centrally overlapping actin and myosin filaments at the either end of the band, and myosin alone in the center

Front 58

“I” band

Back 58

composed of the Z line and the actin filament ends at either pole of two adjacent sarcomeres

Front 59

“H” band

Back 59

- composed of myosin only in the center of the sarcomere

Front 60

“M” line

Back 60

- center of sarcomere, composed of “tails” of thick myosin filaments

Front 61

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 61

Extensive network of tubules (webbing) surrounding/embracing the myofibrils
function as storage units for cations important in contraction

Front 62

Triad

Back 62

- at A-I junction
- point at which terminal cisternae are aligned in “twos”, separated by a specialized invagination of the sarcolemma called a T-tubule
- important in the conductance of Ca++ from sarcoplasmic stores across the sarcolemma to the myofibrils

Front 63

endomysium

Back 63

CT fibers and matrix surrounding each individual myofiber (muscle cell)

Front 64

perimysium

Back 64

– CT fibers and matrix surrounding each individual myofiber (muscle cell)

Front 65

epimysium

Back 65

surrounds bundles (groups) of myofibers, call fascicles

Front 66

myotendinous junction

Back 66

the CT that surrounds the muscle and its components
is continuous with the CT which anchors the muscle to the bone

Front 67

tendons

Back 67

- attach muscle to bone
- dense regular connective tissues
- where tendons attach to bone = regions of transition, fibrocartilage is typically found