Vet 135 Chapter 10

Front 1

bolus

Back 1

a pharmaceutical in the form of a large solid tablet or mass for oral administration, a relatively large volume of a liquid pharmaceutical for intravenous administration all at once, or a large mass of food ready to be swallowed

Front 2

eructate

Back 2

eject gas from the stomach, burp

Front 3

porcine stress syndrome

Back 3

malignant hyperthermia, a hereditary, metabolic condition of swine caused by a mutation in one of the genes that controls calcium metabolism in muscle fibers. Occurs in affected swine in response to some anesthetic agents including inhalant agents. Signs include muscle rigidity, rapid rise in temperature, hypercapnia, hyperkalemia, and death

Front 4

regurgitus

Back 4

regurgitated ruminal contents consisting of saliva and ingesta

Front 5

tilt tables

Back 5

a specialized table used to restrain cattle, and occasionally horses, undergoing anesthetic procedures, by securing the patient to the table with ropes and straps and tilting he table to the desired angle

Front 6

TKX

Back 6

a combination of telazol, ketamine, and xylazine

Front 7

total injectable anesthesia

Back 7

induction and maintenance of anesthesia by intramuscular injection of an anesthetic agent or combination of agents with no concurrent use of inhalant agents. a technique commonly employed in swine.

Front 8

Chapter 10 notes

Back 8

-large animal anesthesia machines are used on animals weighing >150kg

-drug withdrawal times must be considered when working with milk or meat animals

-hypothermia is uncommon in anesthetized adult cattle

-ruminants are sensitive to xylazine and only require about 1/10 the horse dose.

-anticholinergic drugs are not used in ruminants because they don't reduce salivation but cause the saliva to become thick and ropy, this class of drugs is used to treat arrhythmias and for cpr.

-Premeds and sedatives for ruminants:

--acepromazine 0.01-0.03mg/kg IV (may increase regurgitation)

--xylazine 0.01-0.05mg/kg IV or IM (unlikely to cause recumbency)

--detomidine 0.005-0.02mg/kg IV

-IV induction for ruminants:

--ketamine/diazepam: ketamine 2.5mg/kg IV, diazepam 0.12mg/kg IV

--double drip (ketamine/guaifenesin): administered to effect, 1-2ml/kg IV

--telazol: 1-4mg/kg IV (lower dose after xylazine premed

--propofol: 2-4mg/kg IV (small ruminants only, not economical for adult cattle)

-adult cattle typically require a 22mm, 26mm, or 30mm sized et tube

-using a stylette that extends beyond the end of the et tube during intubation of small ruminants allows for better visualization of the larynx.

-adult cattle are intubated blindly

-Anesthetic maintenance:

--isoflurane 1.5%-2.5%

--sevoflurane 2.5% - 4%

--double drip 1-2ml/kg/hr

-ruminants tend to hypoventilate and breathe shallowly and rapidly, this may lead to hypercarbia, hypoxemia, and difficulty keeping patient anesthetized, patient should be placed on a ventilator.