Very High Yield Facts: Inflammation And Repair

Front 1

Histamine

Back 1

Key chemical in acute inflammation

Mast cell

Arteriole vasodilation

Increased venular permeability

Front 2

Rubor acute inflammation

Back 2

Redness

Arteriole vasodilation (histamine)

Front 3

Calor acute inflammation

Back 3

Heat

Arteriole vasodilation (histamine)

Front 4

Tumor actue inflammation

Back 4

Swelling

Increased vessel permeability (histamine)

Front 5

Dolor acute inflammation

Back 5

Pain

Bradykinin, PGE

Front 6

Acute inflammation

Back 6

Neutrophil dominant

Increased IgM

Front 7

Initial vessel events

Back 7

Transient vasoconstriction ----> arteriolar vasodilation---> Increased venular permeability

Front 8

Neutrophil rolling acute inflammation

Back 8

Due to selectins

Front 9

Integrins

Back 9

Neutrophil adhesion molecules

C5a and leukotriene B4 activate

Neutrophil margination

Front 10

CD11/ CD18

Back 10

Markers for integrins

Front 11

Endothelial cell adhesion molecules

Back 11

Activated by IL-1 and TNF

Front 12

ICAM

Back 12

Intercellular adhesion molecule

Front 13

VCAM

Back 13

Vascular cell adhesion molecule

Front 14

Leukocyte adhesion molecule defect

Back 14

Failure of umbilical cord to separate

Poor wound healing

Front 15

Decreased Activation neutrophil adhesion molecules

Back 15

Neutrophilic leukocytosis

Corticosteroids

Front 16

Increased activation neutrophil adhesion molecules

Back 16

Neutropenia

Endotoxins

Front 17

Chemotaxis

Back 17

Directed movement

C5a and LTB4

Front 18

Opsonizing agents

Back 18

IgG

C3b

Enhance phagocytosis

Front 19

Neutrophils, Monocytes, Macrophages

Back 19

Receptors for IgG, C3b

Front 20

O2- dependent MPO system

Back 20

Most potent microbicidal system

Neutrophils, monocytes

Front 21

Production of superoxide form O2

Back 21

NADPH oxidase with NADPH cofactor

Produces respiratory burst

Front 22

Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)

Back 22

Test for respiratory burst

Front 23

Superoxide dismutase

Back 23

Converts superoxide to peroxide

Front 24

Myeloperoxidase

Back 24

Lysosomal enzyme that combine peroxide + Cl to form bleach (HOCl)

Front 25

MIcrobicidial defects

Back 25

Chronic granulomatous disease childhood (XR)

Myeloperoxidase deficiency (AR)

Front 26

Chronic graulomatous disease

Back 26

Absent NADPH oxidase---> no respiratory burst

Staphylococcus aureus not killed (catalse positive)

Streptococcus killed (catalase negative)

Front 27

Myeloperoxidase deficiency

Back 27

AR

Respiratory burst present

No bleach produced

Front 28

Opsonization defect

Back 28

Bruton's agammaglobulinemia

XR

Decreased IgG

Front 29

Phagocytosis defect

Back 29

Chediak- Higashi (see cell injury)

Also has defect in microtubule polymerization

Front 30

COX inhibitors

Back 30

Non- steroidals (non-selective)

Selective COX-2 inhibitors

Front 31

PGE2

Back 31

Vasodilation

Fever

Front 32

PGI2

Back 32

Vasodilator

Prevent platelet aggregation

Front 33

Nitric oxide

Back 33

Vasodilator

FR gas from conversion arginine to citrulline

Front 34

IL-1 and TNF

Back 34

Fever

Synthesis acute phase reactants in liver, leukocytosis

Front 35

IL-6

Back 35

Stimulated by IL-1

Stimulates synthesis of acute phase reactants

Front 36

Acute phase reactants

Back 36

Fibrinogen

Ferritin

C- reactive protein

Front 37

Bradykinin

Back 37

Kinin produced in conversion of factor XII to factor XI

Pain

Vasodilator

Increased vessel permeability

Cough/ angioedema ACE inhibitors

Front 38

Anaphylatoxins

Back 38

C3a and C5a

Directly stimulate mast cell release of histamine

Front 39

Prostaglandin I2

Back 39

Synthesized by endothelial cells

Vasodilator

Inhibits platelet aggregation

Front 40

Lipoxygenase

Back 40

Hydroxylation of arachidonic acid

Front 41

Zileuton

Back 41

Inhibits lipoxygenase

Front 42

Zafirlukast, Montelukast

Back 42

Block lipoxygenase receptor

Front 43

LTC4, -D4, -E4

Back 43

Bronchoconstrictors

Front 44

TXA2

Back 44

Synthesized by platelets

Platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction

Front 45

Dipyridamole

Back 45

Inhibits thromboxane synthase

Front 46

Corticosteroids

Back 46

Inhibits phospholipase A2

Activation neutrophil adhesion molecules

Neutrophilic leukocytosis

Lymphopenia

Eosinopenia

Front 47

Fever

Back 47

Right shift OBC

Hostile to bacterial/ viral replication

Front 48

Chronic inflammation

Back 48

Monocyte/ macrophage

Increased IgG

Repair by fibrosis

Front 49

Granuloma

Back 49

Cellular immunity

Macrophages interact with Th1 class cells (memory cells)

Front 50

Positive PPD

Back 50

Langerhan's cells process PPD and interact with Th1 class cells

Front 51

Suppurative inflammation

Back 51

Abscess

Staphylococcus aureus (coagulase)

Front 52

Cellulitis

Back 52

Subcutaneous inflammation

Streptococcus pyogenes (hyaluronidase)

Front 53

Pseudomembranous inflammation

Back 53

Toxins from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Clostridium diffcile

Front 54

Cell cycle

Back 54

Key checkpoint G1 to S phase

Front 55

TP53 and Rb suppressor genes

Back 55

Arrests cell in G1 phase for DNA repair or apoptosis

Front 56

BAX gene

Back 56

Stimulates apoptosis

Activated by TP53 suppressor gene if too much DNA damage

Front 57

Extracellular matrix

Back 57

Basement membrane

Interstitial matrix

Front 58

Complete restoration

Back 58

Cell must be capable of duplication, no damage to basement membrane

Front 59

Scar tissue

Back 59

End- product of repair by connective tissue

Front 60

Collagen

Back 60

Triple helix of cross-linked alpha chains

Cross- links at points of hydroxylation (lysyl oxidase) increase tensile strength

Front 61

Type I collagen

Back 61

Bones

Tendons

Front 62

Type III collagen

Back 62

Early wound repair

Front 63

Type IV collagen

Back 63

Basement membrane

Front 64

Type X collagen

Back 64

Epiphyseal plate

Front 65

Laminin

Back 65

Key basement membrane glycoprotein

Front 66

Fibronectin

Back 66

Key interstitial matrix glycoprotein

Front 67

Angiogenesis in repair

Back 67

Basic fibroblast growth factor

Vascular endothelial growth factor

Front 68

Key event in wound repair

Back 68

Granulation tissue formation

Fibronectin responsible

Front 69

Granulation tissue

Back 69

Becomes scar tissue

Front 70

Collagenases

Back 70

Zinc cofactor (metalloproteine)

Type III collagen replaced by Type I collagen

Front 71

Tensile strength of healed wound

Back 71

80% original strength

Front 72

Inhibition wound healing

Back 72

Infection (MCC; S. aureus)

Zinc deficiency

DM

Front 73

Ehlers- Danlos syndrome

Back 73

Defects in collagen synthesis and structure

Hyperelasticity

Front 74

Scurvy

Back 74

Decreased collagen tensile strength by decreasing cross-links at points of hydroxylation

Front 75

Keloid

Back 75

Excessive type III collagen

Common in blacks

Front 76

Pyogenic granuloma

Back 76

Exuberant granulation tissue

Bleeds when touched

Front 77

Healing primary intention

Back 77

Clean wound

Appose wound margins with suture

Front 78

Healing secondary intention

Back 78

Infected wound

Leave wound open

Myofibroblasts important

Front 79

Liver injury

Back 79

Regenerative nodules

Abnormal cytoarchitecture

Front 80

Lung injury

Back 80

Type II pneumocyte repair cell

Front 81

CNS injury

Back 81

Astrocyte and microglial cell repair cells

Gliosis

Front 82

WBC alterations acute inflammation

Back 82

Neutrophilic leukocytosis, left shift, toxic granulation

Front 83

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Back 83

Increased fibrinogen enhances rouleau

Front 84

C- reactive protein

Back 84

Indicator acute inflammation and inflammatory atheromatous plaque

Front 85

Polyclonal gammopathy

Back 85

Diffuse elevation y-globulins

Increased IgG

Chronic inflammation